Chemistry:Bifemelane

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Bifemelane (INN), sold under the brand names Alnert and Celeport, is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that was widely used in the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms in Japan, and in the treatment of dementia as well.[1][2] It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma.[3] It has been discontinued in Japan since 1998, when it was removed from the market reportedly for lack of effectiveness.[4]

Bifemelane acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) of both isoenzymes, with competitive reversible inhibition of MAO-A (Ki = 4.20 μM), making it a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) and non-competitive irreversible inhibition of MAO-B (Ki = 46.0 μM),[5][6][7] and also acts (weakly) as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI).[8] The drug has nootropic, neuroprotective, and antidepressant-like effects in animal models, and appears to enhance the cholinergic system in the brain.[9][10][11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on plasma neuropeptide Y, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid concentrations in patients with cerebral infarction". Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research 21 (5): 175–80. 1995. PMID 8846747. 
  2. ↑ Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC. 1996. p. 265. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=DeX7jgInYFMC&q=bifemelane%20Alnert%20Celeport&pg=RA1-PA265. 
  3. ↑ "Use of bifemelane hydrochloride in improving and maintaining the visual field of patients with glaucoma". Clinical Therapeutics 18 (1): 106–13. 1996. doi:10.1016/S0149-2918(96)80183-4. PMID 8851457. 
  4. ↑ "Drug approval in Japan questioned". Lancet 352 (9126): 491. August 1998. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79232-1. PMID 9708787. 
  5. ↑ "4-(O-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine (bifemelane) and other 4-(O-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylalkylamines as new inhibitors of type A and B monoamine oxidase". Journal of Neurochemistry 50 (1): 243–7. January 1988. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1988.tb13256.x. PMID 3335842. 
  6. ↑ "Structure and action of reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors (review)". Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 25 (8): 505–520. 1991. doi:10.1007/BF00777412. ISSN 0091-150X. 
  7. ↑ Drug Actions and Interactions. McGraw Hill Professional. 4 March 2011. p. 307. ISBN 978-0-07-176945-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=BZeTPw_GgbgC. 
  8. ↑ "Can our knowledge of monoamine oxidase (MAO) help in the design of better MAO inhibitors?". Amine Oxidases: Function and Dysfunction. 41. 1994. 269–279. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9324-2_35. ISBN 978-3-211-82521-1. "For example, bifemelane [4-(O-benzylphenoxy)-N-methylbutylamine) is one of the few molecules in which both activities, reversible inhibition of MAO-A (Naoi et al., 1988) and inhibition of noradrenaline uptake (Egawa et al., 1983), although weak (IC50 = 10-6-10-7 M), coexist." 
  9. ↑ "Preventive effects of bifemelane hydrochloride on decreased levels of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor and its mRNA in a rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion". Neuroscience Research 24 (4): 409–14. March 1996. doi:10.1016/0168-0102(95)01017-3. PMID 8861111. 
  10. ↑ "Effects of bifemelane on muscarinic receptors and choline acetyltransferase in the brains of aged rats following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid arteries". Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 72 (1): 57–65. September 1996. doi:10.1254/jjp.72.57. PMID 8902600. 
  11. ↑ "Potential antidepressive properties of amantadine, memantine and bifemelane". Pharmacology & Toxicology 72 (6): 394–7. June 1993. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01351.x. PMID 8361950. 



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