Chemistry:Adinazolam
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| Routes of administration | Oral |
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| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Elimination half-life | < 3 hours |
| Excretion | Renal |
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| Formula | C19H18ClN5 |
| Molar mass | 351.8 g·mol−1 |
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Adinazolam[1] (marketed under the brand name Deracyn) is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic,[2] anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant[3][4] properties. Adinazolam was developed by Jackson B. Hester, who was seeking to enhance the antidepressant properties of alprazolam, which he also developed.[5] Adinazolam was never FDA approved and never made available to the public market; however, it has been sold as a designer drug.[6]
Side effects
Overdose may include muscle weakness, ataxia, dysarthria and particularly in children paradoxical excitement, as well as diminished reflexes, confusion and coma may ensue in more severe cases.[7]
A human study comparing the subjective effects and abuse potential of adinazolam (30 mg and 50 mg) with diazepam, lorazepam and a placebo showed that adinazolam causes the most "mental and physical sedation" and the greatest "mental unpleasantness".[8]
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Adinazolam binds to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors that interact allosterically with GABA receptors as an agonist to produce inhibitory effects.
Metabolism
Adinazolam was reported to have active metabolites in the August 1984 issue of The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology.[9] The main metabolite is N-desmethyladinazolam.[10] NDMAD has an approximately 25-fold high affinity for benzodiazepine receptors as compared to its precursor, accounting for the benzodiazepine-like effects after oral administration.[1] Multiple N-dealkylations lead to the removal of the dimethylaminomethyl side chain, leading to the difference in its potency.[10] The other two metabolites are alpha-hydroxyalprazolam and estazolam.[11] In the August 1986 issue of that same journal, Sethy, Francis and Day reported that proadifen inhibited the formation of N-desmethyladinazolam.[12]
See also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "4,5-dihydro-4h-s-triazolo (4,3-a) (1,4) benzodiazepine - cns depressants, anti-convulsants, anti-aggressives and somatic reflex in" FR patent 2248050, issued 21 January 1977, assigned to Ciba-Geigy AGand Novartis AG.
- ↑ "Kinetic characterization and identification of the enzymes responsible for the hepatic biotransformation of adinazolam and N-desmethyladinazolam in man". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 50 (3): 265–274. March 1998. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb06859.x. PMID 9600717.
- ↑ "Adinazolam--a new antidepressant: findings of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study in outpatients with major depression". Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 7 (3): 170–172. June 1987. doi:10.1097/00004714-198706000-00010. PMID 3298327.
- ↑ "Pharmacological profile of the antidepressant adinazolam, a triazolobenzodiazepine". Neuropharmacology 22 (11): 1277–1282. November 1983. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(83)90200-9. PMID 6320036.
- ↑ "Discovers Award 2004". Special Publications. Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. April 2004. pp. 39. http://international.phrma.org/publications/publications//admin/2004-10-12.1086.pdf.
- ↑ "Characterization and in vitro phase I microsomal metabolism of designer benzodiazepines - an update comprising adinazolam, cloniprazepam, fonazepam, 3-hydroxyphenazepam, metizolam and nitrazolam". Journal of Mass Spectrometry 51 (11): 1080–1089. November 2016. doi:10.1002/jms.3840. PMID 27535017. Bibcode: 2016JMSp...51.1080M.
- ↑ "Adinazolam". DrugBank. http://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00546.
- ↑ "The Abuse Potential of Adinazolam: A Comparison with Diazepam, Lorazepam and Placebo". NIDA Research Monograph No. 81. 1987. https://archives.drugabuse.gov/pdf/monographs/81.pdf.
- ↑ "Determination of biological activity of adinazolam and its metabolites". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 36 (8): 546–548. August 1984. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04449.x. PMID 6148400.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Assay of adinazolam in plasma by liquid chromatography". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 73 (8): 1173–1175. August 1984. doi:10.1002/jps.2600730840. PMID 6491930.
- ↑ "Urinary screening for adinazolam and its major metabolites by the Emit d.a.u. and FPIA benzodiazepine assays with confirmation by HPLC". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 17 (7): 427–431. November–December 1993. doi:10.1093/jat/17.7.427. PMID 8309217.
- ↑ "The effect of proadifen on the metabolism of adinazolam". The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 38 (8): 631–632. August 1986. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1986.tb03099.x. PMID 2876087.
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