Chemistry:Testolactone

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Short description: Chemical compound
Testolactone
Testolactone.svg
Clinical data
Trade namesTeslac
Other names13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone; SQ-9538; Fludestrin; NSC-12173; NSC-23759
AHFS/Drugs.comConsumer Drug Information
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		By mouth
Drug classAromatase inhibitor; Antiestrogen
ATC code
  • none
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding~85%
MetabolismLiver
ExcretionUrine
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H24O3
Molar mass300.398 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Testolactone (INN, USAN) (brand name Teslac) is a non-selective, irreversible, steroidal aromatase inhibitor which is used as an antineoplastic drug to treat advanced-stage breast cancer.[1][2][3][4] The drug was discontinued in 2008 and is no longer available for medical use.[4][5]

Medical uses

Testolactone is mainly used for treating various types of breast cancer in women who have been through menopause or whose ovaries no longer function.[6] It works by blocking the production of estrogens, which helps prevent the growth of breast cancers that are stimulated by estrogens. It may also prevent tumor cells from being activated by other hormones.[6] Testolactone has also been used to postpone precocious puberty because of its ability to block estrogen production.[7] In addition, it has been used in the treatment of gynecomastia.[8][9]

Testolactone is used to treat breast cancer at a dosage of 250 mg four times per day by mouth or 100 mg three times per week by intramuscular injection.[10]

Available forms

Testolactone has been provided in the form of 50 mg and 250 mg oral tablets.[11][12]

Side effects

The most common side effects include:

  • Abnormal skin sensations
  • Aches of the legs and arms
  • General body discomfort
  • Hair loss
  • Loss of appetite
  • Nausea[13]
  • Redness of the tongue

Rare but serious side effects include:

Pharmacology

The principal action of testolactone is reported to be inhibition of aromatase activity and the reduction in estrogen synthesis that follows. Androstenedione, a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads, is where estrone synthesis originates and is the source of estrogen in postmenopausal women. In vitro studies report that the aromatase inhibition may be noncompetitive and irreversible, and could possibly account for the persistence of this drug's effect on estrogen synthesis after drug withdrawal.[2] Testolactone at a dosage of 1,000 mg/day has been found to decrease estradiol levels in men by 25 to 50% after 6 to 10 days of use.[12] This reduction is substantially less than with second- and third-generation aromatase inhibitors.[12]

In addition to its activity as an aromatase inhibitor, testolactone also reportedly possesses some anabolic activity and weak androgenic activity via binding to and activation of the androgen receptor (AR).[4] However, its affinity for the AR is very low; in one study, it showed 0.0029% of the affinity of the anabolic steroid metribolone (100%) for the human AR (Ki = 41 μM and 1.18 nM, respectively).[16] In accordance, androgenic side effects such as hirsutism, acne, and voice changes have been reported in no women in clinical trials with testolactone.[10]


Chemistry

Testolactone, also known as 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone, is a synthetic 18-oxasteroid and a D-homo-18-oxo analogue of androstenedione (androst-4-en-3,17-dione), with a six-membered lactone ring in place of the five-membered carbocyclic D-ring.[4][1]

History

Testolactone was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970.[12]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Drugs: Synonyms and Properties: Synonyms and Properties. Taylor & Francis. 8 May 2018. pp. 935–. ISBN 978-1-351-78989-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=xUlaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT935. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Testolactone at DrugBank.ca
  3. ↑ "Use of aromatase inhibitors to increase final height". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 254-255: 207–216. July 2006. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.04.031. PMID 16766117. 
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 24 January 2012. pp. 1362–. ISBN 978-1-60913-345-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=Sd6ot9ul-bUC&pg=PA1362. 
  5. ↑ "Testolactone Advanced Patient Information" (in en-us). 2022-03-19. https://www.drugs.com/international/testolactone.html. 
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Testolactone facts and comparisons at Drugs.com
  7. ↑ "Precocious puberty and statural growth". Human Reproduction Update 10 (2): 135–147. 2004. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmh012. PMID 15073143. 
  8. ↑ Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2001. pp. 1206–. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=FVfzRvaucq8C&pg=PA1206. 
  9. ↑ The Breast E-Book: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases. Elsevier Health Sciences. 9 September 2009. pp. 162–. ISBN 978-1-4377-1121-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=1u4x_iGiHNEC&pg=PA162. 
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Treatment of Hormone Dependent Cancers". Hormones and Vitamins in Cancer Treatment. CRC Press. 24 October 1990. pp. 57, 64. ISBN 978-0-8493-5973-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=VddUa-2cp-YC&pg=PA57. 
  11. ↑ Medical Economics (February 1983). Physicians Desk Reference. PDR Network, LLC. pp. 1921, 1963. ISBN 978-0-87489-859-0. https://books.google.com/books?id=RgzoZNdxeUsC. 
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. 2011. pp. 805–. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=afKLA-6wW0oC&pg=PT805. 
  13. ↑ "Treatment of men with idiopathic oligozoospermic infertility using the aromatase inhibitor, testolactone. Results of a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial with crossover". Journal of Andrology 10 (3): 240–247. 1989-05-06. doi:10.1002/j.1939-4640.1989.tb00094.x. PMID 2663800. 
  14. ↑ "Testolactone Uses, Side Effects & Warnings" (in en). https://www.drugs.com/mtm/testolactone.html. 
  15. ↑ "Testolactone Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term" (in en). https://www.drugs.com/sfx/testolactone-side-effects.html. 
  16. ↑ "The use of human skin fibroblasts to obtain potency estimates of drug binding to androgen receptors". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 59 (1): 51–55. July 1984. doi:10.1210/jcem-59-1-51. PMID 6725525. 



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