Biology:EMR1
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 Generic protein structure example |
EGF-like module-containing mucin-like hormone receptor-like 1 also known as F4/80 is a protein encoded by the ADGRE1 gene.[1][2][3][4][5]
EMR1 is a member of the adhesion GPCR family[6][7] characterized by an extended extracellular region containing EGF-like domains. EMR1 is predominantly expressed on the surface of macrophages and plays a significant role in immune response modulation and inflammation. Its expression has been linked to various inflammatory diseases.
Structure
Adhesion GPCRs are characterized by an extended extracellular region often possessing N-terminal protein modules that is linked to a TM7 region via a domain known as the GPCR-Autoproteolysis INducing (GAIN) domain.[8]
The N-terminal fragment (NTF) of EMR1 contains 4-6 Epidermal Growth Factor-like (EGF-like) domains in human and 4-7 EGF-like domains in the mouse.[9]
Tissue distribution
EMR1 expression in human is restricted to eosinophils and is a specific marker for these cells.[10] The murine homolog of EMR1, F4/80, is a well-known and widely used marker of murine macrophage populations.[11]
Function
F4/80 is not necessary for the development of tissue macrophages but is required for the induction of efferent CD8+ regulatory T cells needed for peripheral tolerance.[12]
Clinical significance
EMR1 can serve as a therapeutic target for depletion of these cells in eosinophilic disorders by using afucosylated antibodies.[13]
See also
References
- ↑ "EMR1, an unusual member in the family of hormone receptors with seven transmembrane segments". Genomics 26 (2): 334–344. March 1995. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80218-B. PMID 7601460.
- ↑ "The EGF-TM7 family: unusual structures at the leukocyte surface". Journal of Leukocyte Biology 63 (3): 271–280. March 1998. doi:10.1002/jlb.63.3.271. PMID 9500513.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: EMR1 egf-like module containing, mucin-like, hormone receptor-like 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2015.
- ↑ "Markers of mouse macrophage development detected by monoclonal antibodies". Journal of Immunological Methods 174 (1–2): 5–19. September 1994. doi:10.1016/0022-1759(94)90005-1. PMID 8083537.
- ↑ "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCIV. Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors". Pharmacological Reviews 67 (2): 338–367. April 2015. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009647. PMID 25713288.
- ↑ Adhesion-GPCRs: Structure to Function (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology). Berlin: Springer. 2011. ISBN 978-1-4419-7912-4.
- ↑ "Sticky signaling--adhesion class G protein-coupled receptors take the stage". Science Signaling 6 (276): re3. May 2013. doi:10.1126/scisignal.2003825. PMID 23695165.
- ↑ "A novel evolutionarily conserved domain of cell-adhesion GPCRs mediates autoproteolysis". The EMBO Journal 31 (6): 1364–1378. March 2012. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.26. PMID 22333914.
- ↑ "F4/80 and the related adhesion-GPCRs". European Journal of Immunology 41 (9): 2472–2476. September 2011. doi:10.1002/eji.201141715. PMID 21952799.
- ↑ "EMR1, the human homolog of F4/80, is an eosinophil-specific receptor". European Journal of Immunology 37 (10): 2797–2802. October 2007. doi:10.1002/eji.200737553. PMID 17823986.
- ↑ "F4/80, a monoclonal antibody directed specifically against the mouse macrophage". European Journal of Immunology 11 (10): 805–815. October 1981. doi:10.1002/eji.1830111013. PMID 7308288.
- ↑ "The macrophage F4/80 receptor is required for the induction of antigen-specific efferent regulatory T cells in peripheral tolerance". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 201 (10): 1615–1625. May 2005. doi:10.1084/jem.20042307. PMID 15883173.
- ↑ "The eosinophil surface receptor epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 1 (EMR1): a novel therapeutic target for eosinophilic disorders". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 133 (5): 1439–47, 1447.e1–8. May 2014. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2013.11.041. PMID 24530099.
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