Biology:Melanocortin 5 receptor
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.[1][2] It is located on the chromosome 18 in the human genome.[2] When the MC5R was disrupted in transgenic mice, it induced disruption of their exocrine glands and resulted in decreased production of sebum.[3]
Physiology
MC5R is necessary for normal sebum production.[3][4][5] Stimulation of MC5R promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle[6] and lypolysis in adipocytes.[7] MC5R is essential for erythrocyte differentiation.[8] MC5R is involved in inflammation.[9][10] MC5R helps maintain thermal homeostasis.[4][11]
MC5R is expressed in the brain at different levels depending on physical activity.[12]
Pheromones
MC5R is heavily expressed in the preputial gland in mice (a modified sebaceous gland involved in pheromone production). MC5R deficiency in male mice decreases aggressive behavior, promotes defensive behavior and encourages other male mice to attack MC5R-deficient males through pheromonal signals.[13][14][15]
MRAP
Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) traps MC5R protein inside cells.[16]
Evolution
Paralogues[17]
- MC4R
- MC3R
- MC1R
- MC2R
- S1PR1
- LPAR1
- S1PR3
- GPR12
- LPAR2
- GPR3
- S1PR2
- GPR6
- GPR119
- LPAR3
- CNR1
- S1PR5
- S1PR4
- CNR2
See also
References
- ↑ "Molecular cloning of a novel human melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 195 (2): 866–73. September 1993. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2125. PMID 8396929.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: MC5R melanocortin 5 receptor". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=4161.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "The melanocortin 5 receptor is expressed in human sebaceous glands and rat preputial cells". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 115 (4): 614–9. October 2000. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00094.x. PMID 10998132.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides". Cell 91 (6): 789–98. December 1997. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80467-5. PMID 9413988.
- ↑ "Melanocortin-5 receptor and sebogenesis.". Eur J Pharmacol 660 (1): 202–206. June 2011. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.100. PMID 21215742.
- ↑ "Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 282 (5): 2862–70. February 2007. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603454200. PMID 17127674.
- ↑ "Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved.". Mol Cell Endocrinol 341 (1–2): 9–17. July 2011. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.010. PMID 21616121. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00719880/file/PEER_stage2_10.1016%252Fj.mce.2011.03.010.pdf.
- ↑ "Melanocortins contribute to sequential differentiation and enucleation of human erythroblasts via melanocortin receptors 1, 2 and 5.". PLOS ONE 10 (4): e0123232. April 2015. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123232. PMID 25860801. Bibcode: 2015PLoSO..1023232S.
- ↑ "Both MC5r and A2Ar are required for protective regulatory immunity in the spleen of post-experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.". J. Immunol. 191 (8): 4103–4111. October 2013. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300182. PMID 24043903.
- ↑ "Melanocortins induce interleukin 6 gene expression and secretion through melanocortin receptors 2 and 5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.". J Mol Endocrinol 44 (4): 225–236. April 2010. doi:10.1677/JME-09-0161. PMID 20089716.
- ↑ "Biphasic effect of melanocortin agonists on metabolic rate and body temperature.". Cell Metab. 20 (2): 333–345. August 2014. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.021. PMID 24981835.
- ↑ "Region-specific differences in brain melanocortin receptors in rats of the lean phenotype.". NeuroReport 23 (10): 596–600. July 2012. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328354f5c1. PMID 22643233.
- ↑ "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency promotes defensive behavior in male mice.". Horm. Behav. 45 (1): 56–63. January 2004. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.004. PMID 14733892.
- ↑ "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency reduces a pheromonal signal for aggression in male mice.". Chem Senses 29 (2): 111–115. February 2004. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh011. PMID 14977807.
- ↑ "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency in mice blocks a novel pathway influencing pheromone-induced aggression.". Behav. Genet. 36 (2): 291–300. January 2006. doi:10.1007/s10519-005-9024-9. PMID 16408249.
- ↑ "Opposite effects of the melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein MRAP on MC2 and MC5 receptor dimerization and trafficking.". J Biol Chem 284 (34): 22641–22648. August 2009. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.022400. PMID 19535343.
- ↑ "GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database". https://genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=MC5R&keywords=mc5r#paralogs.
Further reading
- "Cloning, expression, and tissue distribution of a fifth melanocortin receptor subtype". Neurochemical Research 20 (1): 107–13. January 1995. doi:10.1007/BF00995160. PMID 7739752.
- "Localization of the human melanocortin-5 receptor gene (MC5R) to chromosome band 18p11.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 68 (1–2): 79–81. 1994. doi:10.1159/000133895. PMID 7956366.
- "Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat fifth melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 200 (2): 1007–14. April 1994. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1550. PMID 8179577.
- "Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a fifth melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 200 (3): 1214–20. May 1994. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1580. PMID 8185570. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/31580/1/0000508.pdf.
- "Distribution of cDNA for melanocortin receptor subtypes in human tissues". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International 38 (1): 73–80. February 1996. PMID 8932521.
- "Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action". Molecular Endocrinology 11 (3): 274–80. March 1997. doi:10.1210/mend.11.3.9898. PMID 9058374.
- "Glutamine235 and arginine272 in human melanocortin 5 receptor determines its low affinity to MSH". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 236 (2): 489–92. July 1997. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6994. PMID 9240466.
- "Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors". Molecular Endocrinology 13 (1): 148–55. January 1999. doi:10.1210/me.13.1.148. PMID 9892020.
- "Expression, candidate gene, and population studies of the melanocortin 5 receptor". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 116 (4): 564–70. April 2001. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01286.x. PMID 11286624.
- "Selective, high affinity peptide antagonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44 (22): 3665–72. October 2001. doi:10.1021/jm010165y. PMID 11606131.
- "Proteochemometric mapping of the interaction of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes". Molecular Pharmacology 67 (1): 50–9. January 2005. doi:10.1124/mol.104.002857. PMID 15470082.
- "Lack of association between variations in the melanocortin 5 receptor gene and bipolar disorder". Psychiatric Genetics 15 (4): 255–8. December 2005. doi:10.1097/00041444-200512000-00007. PMID 16314755.
- "Further structure-activity studies of lactam derivatives of MT-II and SHU-9119: their activity and selectivity at human melanocortin receptors 3, 4, and 5". Peptides 28 (6): 1191–6. June 2007. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.02.012. PMID 17482720.
External links
- "Melanocortin Receptors: MC5". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=2356.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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