Biology:FZD6
 Generic protein structure example |
Frizzled-6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FZD6 gene.[1][2][3]
Members of the 'frizzled' gene family encode 7-transmembrane domain proteins that are receptors for WNT signaling proteins. The FZD6 protein contains a signal peptide, a cysteine-rich domain in the N-terminal extracellular region, and 7 transmembrane domains. However, unlike many other FZD family members, FDZ6 does not contain a C-terminal PDZ domain-binding motif.[3] The FZD6 protein is believed to be the receptor for the WNT4 ligand.[4]
Interactions
FZD6 has been shown to interact with Secreted frizzled-related protein 1.[5]
See also
Model organisms
Model organisms have been used in the study of FXYD3 function. In 2004, researchers at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute showed that FZD6 controls hair patterning in mice,[6] and its human homologue is understood to play a part in the formation of hair whorls and cowlicks. A conditional knockout mouse line called Fxyd3tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.[7] Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen[8] to determine the effects of deletion.[9][10][11][12] Additional screens performed: - In-depth immunological phenotyping[13]
| Characteristic | Phenotype |
|---|---|
| All data available at.[8][13] | |
| Peripheral blood leukocytes 6 Weeks | Normal |
| Insulin | Normal |
| Haematology 6 Weeks | Normal |
| Homozygous viability at P14 | Normal |
| Homozygous Fertility | Normal |
| Body weight | Normal |
| Neurological assessment | Normal |
| Grip strength | Normal |
| Dysmorphology | Normal |
| Indirect calorimetry | Normal |
| Glucose tolerance test | Normal |
| Auditory brainstem response | Normal |
| DEXA | Normal |
| Radiography | Normal |
| Eye morphology | Normal |
| Clinical chemistry | Normal |
| Haematology 16 Weeks | Normal |
| Peripheral blood leukocytes 16 Weeks | Normal |
| Heart weight | Normal |
| Salmonella infection | Normal |
| Cytotoxic T Cell Function | Normal |
| Spleen Immunophenotyping | Normal |
| Mesenteric Lymph Node Immunophenotyping | Normal |
| Bone Marrow Immunophenotyping | Normal |
| Epidermal Immune Composition | Normal |
| Trichuris Challenge | Normal |
References
- ↑ "Molecular cloning of human Frizzled-6". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 243 (2): 622–7. Feb 1998. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8143. PMID 9480858.
- ↑ "The human Frizzled 6 (HFz6) acts as a negative regulator of the canonical Wnt. beta-catenin signaling cascade". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (15): 14879–88. Apr 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306421200. PMID 14747478.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Entrez Gene: FZD6 frizzled homolog 6 (Drosophila)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8323.
- ↑ "Wnt-4 activates the canonical beta-catenin-mediated Wnt pathway and binds Frizzled-6 CRD: functional implications of Wnt/beta-catenin activity in kidney epithelial cells". Experimental Cell Research 298 (2): 369–87. Aug 2004. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.04.036. PMID 15265686.
- ↑ "Interaction of frizzled related protein (FRP) with Wnt ligands and the frizzled receptor suggests alternative mechanisms for FRP inhibition of Wnt signaling". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (23): 16180–7. Jun 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.23.16180. PMID 10347172.
- ↑ Guo, Nini; Hawkins, Charles; Nathans, Jeremy (22 June 2004). "Frizzled6 controls hair patterning in mice". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101 (25): 9277–9281. doi:10.1073/pnas.0402802101. PMID 15169958.
- ↑ Gerdin AK (2010). "The Sanger Mouse Genetics Programme: high throughput characterisation of knockout mice". Acta Ophthalmologica 88: 925–7. doi:10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.4142.x.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 "International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium". http://www.mousephenotype.org/data/search?q=Fxyd3#fq=*:*&facet=gene.
- ↑ "A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function". Nature 474 (7351): 337–42. Jun 2011. doi:10.1038/nature10163. PMID 21677750.
- ↑ "Mouse library set to be knockout". Nature 474 (7351): 262–3. Jun 2011. doi:10.1038/474262a. PMID 21677718.
- ↑ "A mouse for all reasons". Cell 128 (1): 9–13. Jan 2007. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.018. PMID 17218247.
- ↑ "Genome-wide generation and systematic phenotyping of knockout mice reveals new roles for many genes". Cell 154 (2): 452–64. Jul 2013. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.022. PMID 23870131.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Infection and Immunity Immunophenotyping (3i) Consortium". http://www.immunophenotyping.org/data/search?keys=Fxyd3&field_gene_construct_tid=All.
Further reading
- "A large family of putative transmembrane receptors homologous to the product of the Drosophila tissue polarity gene frizzled". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (8): 4468–76. Feb 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.8.4468. PMID 8626800.
- "Purification and molecular cloning of a secreted, Frizzled-related antagonist of Wnt action". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (13): 6770–5. Jun 1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.13.6770. PMID 9192640. Bibcode: 1997PNAS...94.6770F.
- "Interaction of frizzled related protein (FRP) with Wnt ligands and the frizzled receptor suggests alternative mechanisms for FRP inhibition of Wnt signaling". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (23): 16180–7. Jun 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.23.16180. PMID 10347172.
- "Autosomal dominant familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in two Japanese families with FZD4 mutations (H69Y and C181R)". Ophthalmic Genetics 25 (2): 81–90. Jun 2004. doi:10.1080/13816810490514270. PMID 15370539.
- "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research 16 (1): 55–65. Jan 2006. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.
- "Mid-region parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and gene expression of MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells". Biological Chemistry 388 (5): 457–65. May 2007. doi:10.1515/BC.2007.059. PMID 17516841.
External links
- "Frizzled Receptors: FZD6". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ReceptorDisplayForward?receptorID=3064.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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