Biology:Growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor

Short description: Receptor protein that binds with somatcrinin

Generic protein structure example

The growth-hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GHRHR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that binds growth hormone-releasing hormone. The GHRHR activates a Gs protein that causes a cascade of cAMP via adenylate cyclase. GHRHR is distinct from the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (also known as the ghrelin receptor), where growth hormone releasing peptides act to release growth hormone.

Function

This gene, expressed in the pituitary, encodes a receptor for growth-hormone-releasing hormone. Binding of this hormone to the receptor leads to synthesis and release of growth hormone. Mutations in this gene have been associated with isolated growth-hormone deficiency (IGHD), also known as Dwarfism of Sindh, a disorder characterized by short stature. Many alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been described, but only two have been characterized to date.

Ligands

Agonists

• CJC-1295
• Dumorelin
• GHRH (somatorelin)
• Rismorelin
• Sermorelin
• Tesamorelin

Antagonists

• MZ-5-156

Further reading

• "Molecular and cell biology of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor". Growth Hormone & IGF Research 9 Suppl A: 37–44. Apr 1999. doi:10.1016/S1096-6374(99)80008-2. PMID 10429879. 
• "Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the GHRH Receptor". Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 3 (4): 313–23. Dec 2002. doi:10.1023/A:1020949507265. PMID 12424433. 
• "Molecular cloning and expression of a pituitary-specific receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Molecular Endocrinology 6 (10): 1734–44. Oct 1992. doi:10.1210/mend.6.10.1333056. PMID 1333056. 
• "Localization of the interferon-induced, 2-5A-dependent RNase gene (RNS4) to human chromosome 1q25". Genomics 19 (1): 174–5. Jan 1994. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1033. PMID 7514564. 
• "Identification of alternatively spliced messenger ribonucleic acid encoding truncated growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor in human pituitary adenomas". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80 (10): 2933–9. Oct 1995. doi:10.1210/jcem.80.10.7559877. PMID 7559877. 
• "Identification of human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor splicing variants". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 80 (8): 2381–7. Aug 1995. doi:10.1210/jcem.80.8.7629234. PMID 7629234. 
• "Molecular cloning and expression of a human anterior pituitary receptor for growth hormone-releasing hormone". Molecular Endocrinology 7 (1): 77–84. Jan 1993. doi:10.1210/mend.7.1.7680413. PMID 7680413. 
• "Assignment of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene (GHRHR) to 7p14 by in situ hybridization". Genomics 19 (1): 193–5. Jan 1994. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1045. PMID 8188233. 
• "Nonsense mutation in the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor causes growth failure analogous to the little (lit) mouse". Nature Genetics 12 (1): 88–90. Jan 1996. doi:10.1038/ng0196-88. PMID 8528260. 
• "Extensive phenotypic analysis of a family with growth hormone (GH) deficiency caused by a mutation in the GH-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83 (2): 432–6. Feb 1998. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.2.4528. PMID 9467553. 
• "Structure and regulation of the human growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". Molecular Endocrinology 12 (2): 233–47. Feb 1998. doi:10.1210/mend.12.2.0057. PMID 9482665. 
• "Phenotype and genetic analysis of a syndrome caused by an inactivating mutation in the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor: Dwarfism of Sindh". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 83 (11): 4065–74. Nov 1998. doi:10.1210/jcem.83.11.5226. PMID 9814493. 
• "Familial dwarfism due to a novel mutation of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84 (3): 917–23. Mar 1999. doi:10.1210/jcem.84.3.5599. PMID 10084571. 
• "Restricted presence of the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor to somatotropes in rat and human pituitaries". Neuroendocrinology 70 (2): 128–36. Aug 1999. doi:10.1159/000054467. PMID 10461027. 
• "Isolation and sequencing of cDNAs for splice variants of growth hormone-releasing hormone receptors from human cancers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97 (19): 10561–6. Sep 2000. doi:10.1073/pnas.180313297. PMID 10962031. Bibcode: 2000PNAS...9710561R. 
• "Three new mutations in the gene for the growth hormone (gh)-releasing hormone receptor in familial isolated gh deficiency type ib". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 (1): 273–9. Jan 2001. doi:10.1210/jcem.86.1.7156. PMID 11232012. 
• "Expression of a splice variant of the receptor for GHRH in 3T3 fibroblasts activates cell proliferation responses to GHRH analogs". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99 (1): 196–200. Jan 2002. doi:10.1073/pnas.012590999. PMID 11773624. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...99..196K. 
• "Decreased expression of the GHRH receptor gene due to a mutation in a Pit-1 binding site". Molecular Endocrinology 16 (3): 450–8. Mar 2002. doi:10.1210/mend.16.3.0785. PMID 11875102. 
• "Expression of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and splice variants of GHRH receptors in human experimental prostate cancers". Peptides 23 (6): 1127–33. Jun 2002. doi:10.1016/S0196-9781(02)00043-8. PMID 12126741. 

External links

• IUPHAR GPCR Database – GHRH receptor
• somatotropin+releasing+hormone+receptor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.