Biology:GPR37
 Generic protein structure example |
Probable G-protein coupled receptor 37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPR37 gene.[1][2][3] GPR37 is primarily found in the central nervous system (CNS), with significant expression observed in various CNS regions including the amygdala, basal ganglia (caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens), substantia nigra, hippocampus, frontal cortex, and hypothalamus, particularly noteworthy is its exceptionally elevated expression in the spinal cord.[4]
Interactions
GPR37 has been shown to interact with HSPA1A[5] and Parkin (ligase).[5][6] GPR37 is a receptor for prosaposin. It was previously thought to be a receptor for head activator, a neuropeptide found in the hydra, but early reports of head activator in mammals were never confirmed.[7] To address challenges in confirming ligand-GPR37 interactions using recombinant GPR37 expressed in HEK293 cells, recent research has turned to primary cell cultures, leading to successful ligand identification.[8] These investigations have unveiled the involvement of osteocalcin with GPR37 to regulate processes such as oligodendrocyte differentiation, myelination, myelin production, and remyelination following demyelinating injuries.[9] Furthermore, osteocalcin treatment has demonstrated protective effects against Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, which are absent in GPR37-deficient mice.[10]
GPR37 signaling has been shown to modulate the migration of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) cells in mice.[11]
References
- ↑ "Cloning of GPR37, a gene located on chromosome 7 encoding a putative G-protein-coupled peptide receptor, from a human frontal brain EST library". Genomics 45 (1): 68–77. October 1997. doi:10.1006/geno.1997.4900. PMID 9339362.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: GPR37 G protein-coupled receptor 37 (endothelin receptor type B-like)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2861.
- ↑ "Orphan G Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR37 as an Emerging Therapeutic Target". ACS Chemical Neuroscience 14 (18): 3318–3334. September 2023. doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00479. PMID 37676000.
- ↑ "The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project". Nature Genetics 45 (6): 580–585. June 2013. doi:10.1038/ng.2653. PMID 23715323.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "CHIP is associated with Parkin, a gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and enhances its ubiquitin ligase activity". Molecular Cell 10 (1): 55–67. July 2002. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00583-X. PMID 12150907.
- ↑ "An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin". Cell 105 (7): 891–902. June 2001. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00407-X. PMID 11439185.
- ↑ "GPR37 and GPR37L1 are receptors for the neuroprotective and glioprotective factors prosaptide and prosaposin". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 (23): 9529–9534. June 2013. doi:10.1073/pnas.1219004110. PMID 23690594. Bibcode: 2013PNAS..110.9529M.
- ↑ "Glio- and neuro-protection by prosaposin is mediated by orphan G-protein coupled receptors GPR37L1 and GPR37". Glia 66 (11): 2414–2426. November 2018. doi:10.1002/glia.23480. PMID 30260505.
- ↑ "Osteocalcin attenuates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination via GPR37 signaling in the mouse brain". Science Advances 7 (43): eabi5811. October 2021. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi5811. PMID 34678058. Bibcode: 2021SciA....7.5811Q.
- ↑ "Osteocalcin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Inflammation via Activation of GPR37 in Macrophages". Biomedicines 10 (5): 1006. April 2022. doi:10.3390/biomedicines10051006. PMID 35625743.
- ↑ "GPR37 Signaling Modulates Migration of Olfactory Ensheathing Cells and Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone Cells in Mice". Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience 13: 200. 2019. doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00200. PMID 31143101.
Further reading
- "A novel endothelin receptor type-B-like gene enriched in the brain". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 233 (2): 559–567. April 1997. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6408. PMID 9144577.
- "A human gene encodes a putative G protein-coupled receptor highly expressed in the central nervous system". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 54 (1): 152–160. February 1998. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(97)00336-7. PMID 9526070. https://zenodo.org/record/1259931.
- "An unfolded putative transmembrane polypeptide, which can lead to endoplasmic reticulum stress, is a substrate of Parkin". Cell 105 (7): 891–902. June 2001. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00407-X. PMID 11439185.
- "CHIP is associated with Parkin, a gene responsible for familial Parkinson's disease, and enhances its ubiquitin ligase activity". Molecular Cell 10 (1): 55–67. July 2002. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00583-X. PMID 12150907.
- "Parkin suppresses dopaminergic neuron-selective neurotoxicity induced by Pael-R in Drosophila". Neuron 37 (6): 911–924. March 2003. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00143-0. PMID 12670421.
- "A product of the human gene adjacent to parkin is a component of Lewy bodies and suppresses Pael receptor-induced cell death". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 278 (51): 51901–51910. December 2003. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309655200. PMID 14532270.
- "Suppressive effects of 4-phenylbutyrate on the aggregation of Pael receptors and endoplasmic reticulum stress". Journal of Neurochemistry 97 (5): 1259–1268. June 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03782.x. PMID 16539653.
- "A ubiquitin ligase HRD1 promotes the degradation of Pael receptor, a substrate of Parkin". Journal of Neurochemistry 99 (6): 1456–1469. December 2006. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04155.x. PMID 17059562.
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