Biology:Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor (TRHR) is a G protein-coupled receptor which binds thyrotropin-releasing hormone.

The TRHR is found on the cell membrane of thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary. When the TRHR is activated it associates with a G_αq/11 protein. The TRHR-G protein complex then activates phospholipase C, which causes the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This leads to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium ion concentrations which stimulates the exocytosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) into the blood.

Further reading

• "Activation of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor by a direct precursor of TRH, TRH-Gly". Neuroscience Letters 196 (1–2): 109–12. August 1995. doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)11861-P. PMID 7501234. 
• "Molecular cloning and functional expression of a human thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1219 (2): 251–9. October 1994. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(94)90046-9. PMID 7918619. 
• "Assignment of the gene encoding the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor to 8q23 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Human Genetics 93 (6): 716–8. June 1994. doi:10.1007/bf00201580. PMID 8005602. 
• "Assignment of human thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor gene to chromosome 8". Somatic Cell and Molecular Genetics 19 (6): 577–80. November 1993. doi:10.1007/BF01233384. PMID 8128317. 
• "Cloning and functional characterisation of the human TRH receptor". Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 95 (1–2): R11-5. September 1993. doi:10.1016/0303-7207(93)90043-J. PMID 8243797. 
• "Molecular cloning of a functional human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 195 (1): 179–85. August 1993. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2027. PMID 8395824. 
• "Pituitary adenomas of patients with acromegaly express thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA: cloning and functional expression of the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 195 (2): 737–45. September 1993. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2107. PMID 8396925. 
• "Genomic organization and promoter function of the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 271 (36): 22183–8. September 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.36.22183. PMID 8703031. 
• "A disulfide bonding interaction role for cysteines in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Endocrinology 137 (7): 2851–8. July 1996. doi:10.1210/endo.137.7.8770906. PMID 8770906. 
• "A novel mechanism for isolated central hypothyroidism: inactivating mutations in the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 82 (5): 1561–5. May 1997. doi:10.1210/jcem.82.5.3918. PMID 9141550. 
• "The thyrotropin-releasing hormone-receptor complex and G11alpha are both internalised into clathrin-coated vesicles". Cellular Signalling 10 (8): 553–9. September 1998. doi:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00190-3. PMID 9794253. 
• "Structural and functional organization of the gene encoding the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor". Journal of Neurochemistry 72 (1): 40–50. January 1999. doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0720040.x. PMID 9886052. 
• "Constitutive and agonist-dependent homo-oligomerization of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor. Detection in living cells using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 276 (16): 12736–43. April 2001. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011311200. PMID 11278883. 
• "Dimerization and phosphorylation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors are modulated by agonist stimulation". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (31): 28228–37. August 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M204221200. PMID 12023974. 
• "Homo- and hetero-oligomerization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor subtypes. Differential regulation of beta-arrestins 1 and 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (52): 50422–30. December 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209340200. PMID 12393857. 
• "Thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor processing: role of ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation". Molecular Endocrinology 17 (9): 1777–91. September 2003. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0073. PMID 12805411. 
• "Gene expression study of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor using RT-PCR: relationship to clinical and immunohistochemical phenotypes in a series of human pituitary adenomas". Endocrine Journal 50 (4): 459–67. August 2003. doi:10.1507/endocrj.50.459. PMID 14599121. 
• "Fate of internalized thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors monitored with a timer fusion protein". Endocrinology 145 (7): 3095–100. July 2004. doi:10.1210/en.2004-0304. PMID 15117874. 

External links

• "Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. http://www.iuphar-db.org/GPCR/ChapterMenuForward?chapterID=1356. 
• Receptors,+Thyrotropin-Releasing+Hormone at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)