Chemistry:XP-21279
XP-21279 is a sustained-release levodopa (L-DOPA) prodrug and hence a dopamine precursor and non-selective dopamine receptor agonist which was under development for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.[1][2][3] It is taken by mouth.[2][4][3]
Pharmacology
The drug is said to add a five-carbon ester conjugate to levodopa that allows it to be actively transported by high-capacity nutrient transporters throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract.[4][3][5] Subsequently, it is rapidly converted into levodopa by carboxylesterases.[4][3][5] Levodopa itself can only be transported by a short section of the small intestine and hence XP-21279 allows more time for levodopa to be absorbed, in turn resulting in an increased duration and possibly reduced fluctuations in dopamine levels between levodopa doses.[2][4][3]
Clinical studies
As of June 2015, XP-21279 was in phase 2 clinical trials.[1] As of May 2022, there have been no further developmental updates.[1] It was reported in 2018 that development of the drug had been discontinued several years prior.[6] A 2019 review reported that results were conflicting in phase 2 trials and that this likely resulted in the discontinuation of the drug's development.[5]
Chemistry
Many sources do not report the chemical structure of XP-21279, suggesting that its exact structure has not been disclosed.[7][8][9][6][10] However, one source appears to report its chemical structure.[11]
See also
- Etilevodopa
- Foslevodopa
- Melevodopa
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "XP 21279". AdisInsight. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 26 May 2022. https://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800027657.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Future treatments for Parkinson's disease: surfing the PD pipeline". The International Journal of Neuroscience 121 Suppl 2: 53–62. 2011. doi:10.3109/00207454.2011.620195. PMID 22035030.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 "Novel Levodopa Formulations for Parkinson's Disease". CNS Drugs 30 (11): 1079–1095. November 2016. doi:10.1007/s40263-016-0386-8. PMID 27743318.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 "IPX066 , a mixed immediate/sustained-release levodopa preparation for Parkinson's disease". Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 15 (14): 2081–2085. October 2014. doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.950224. PMID 25146967.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 "The next chapter in symptomatic Parkinson disease treatments". Parkinsonism & Related Disorders (Elsevier BV) 59: 39–48. February 2019. doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2019.01.002. PMID 30661840.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Advances in prodrug design for Parkinson's disease". Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery 13 (4): 295–305. April 2018. doi:10.1080/17460441.2018.1429400. PMID 29361853.
- ↑ "XP21279: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". 19 March 2008. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB06319.
- ↑ "Delving into the Latest Updates on XP-21279 with Synapse". 20 September 2024. https://synapse.patsnap.com/drug/6d8b32b597234ea2b51699c82fea52e4.
- ↑ "XP 21279". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/381127381.
- ↑ "Prodrug Therapies for Infectious and Neurodegenerative Diseases". Pharmaceutics 14 (3): 518. February 2022. doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics14030518. PMID 35335894.
- ↑ "Dopamine and Levodopa Prodrugs for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease". Molecules 23 (1): 40. December 2017. doi:10.3390/molecules23010040. PMID 29295587.
 |  |
