Biology:Norfenefrine
Norfenefrine, also known as meta-octopamine or norphenylephrine and sold under the brand name Novadral among others, is a sympathomimetic medication which is used in the treatment of hypotension (low blood pressure).[1][2][3][4] Along with its structural isomer p-octopamine and the tyramines, norfenefrine is a naturally occurring endogenous trace amine and plays a role as a minor neurotransmitter in the brain.[5]
Medical uses
Norfenefrine is used in the treatment of hypotension (low blood pressure).[1] It is said to be similarly effective or less effective than midodrine.[6][7][8]
Pharmacology
Pharmacodynamics
Norfenefrine is described as an α-adrenergic receptor agonist and sympathomimetic agent.[2][4] It is said to act predominantly as an α1-adrenergic receptor agonist.[1]
Chemistry
Norfenefrine, also known as 3,β-dihydroxyphenethylamine, is a substituted phenethylamine derivative.[2][4] It is an analogue of norepinephrine (3,4,β-trihydroxyphenethylamine), of meta-tyramine (3-hydroxyphenethylamine), of phenylephrine ((R)-β,3-dihydroxy-N-methylphenethylamine), of etilefrine (3,β-dihydroxy-N-ethylphenethylamine), and of metaterol (3,β-dihydroxy-N-isopropylphenethylamine), as well as of metaraminol ((1R,2S)-3,β-dihydroxy-α-methylphenethylamine).[2]
Norfenefrine is used medically as the hydrochloride salt.[2][4]
The predicted log P of norfenefrine is -0.28 to -0.95.[9][10][11]
Society and culture
Names
Norfenefrine is the generic name of the drug and its INN.[2][4] Synonyms of norfenefrine include hydroxyphenylethanolamine, nor-phenylephrine, and m-norsynephrine, among others.[2][4] Brand names of norfenefrine include Novadral, A.S. COR, Coritat, Energona, Hypolind, Norfenefrin Ziethen, and Norfenefrin-Ratiopharm, among others.[4]
Availability
Norfenefrine is marketed in Europe, Japan, and Mexico.[4]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)". Br J Pharmacol 154 (3): 606–622. June 2008. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.124. PMID 18500382.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Elks, J. (2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer US. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA61. Retrieved 22 July 2024.
- ↑ Macdonald F (1997). Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents. CRC Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-412-46630-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=DeX7jgInYFMC&pg=PA104. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. 2000. p. 750. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpcTQD_L2oC&pg=PA750. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
- ↑ "m-Octopamine, p-octopamine and phenylethanolamine in rat brain: a sensitive, specific assay and the effects of some drugs". Journal of Neurochemistry 29 (6): 1131–1135. December 1977. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb06519.x. PMID 340613.
- ↑ "Midodrine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic use in orthostatic hypotension and secondary hypotensive disorders". Drugs 38 (5): 757–777. November 1989. doi:10.2165/00003495-198938050-00004. PMID 2480881.
- ↑ "Midodrine. A review of its therapeutic use in the management of orthostatic hypotension". Drugs Aging 12 (1): 76–86. January 1998. doi:10.2165/00002512-199812010-00007. PMID 9467688.
- ↑ "Orthostatic hypotension: evaluation and treatment". Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 7 (1): 63–70. March 2007. doi:10.2174/187152907780059029. PMID 17346129.
- ↑ "Norfenefrine". https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4538.
- ↑ "Norfenefrine: Uses, Interactions, Mechanism of Action". 23 June 2017. https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB13378.
- ↑ "norfenefrine". 31 August 2024. https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4379.html.
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