Chemistry:N-Methyltryptamine

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Short description: Chemical compound


N-Methyltryptamine
Clinical data
Other namesNMT; Methyltryptamine; N-MT; Monomethyltryptamine; Dipterine; PAL-152; PAL152
Routes of
administration		Smoking, oral (with an MAOI)[1][2][3]
Drug classNon-selective serotonin receptor agonist; Serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonist; Serotonergic psychedelic; Hallucinogen
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: Schedule I (isomer of AMT)
Pharmacokinetic data
Duration of actionSeconds to minutes[1][2][3]
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H14N2
Molar mass174.247 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Melting point87 to 89 °C (189 to 192 °F)
  (verify)

N-Methyltryptamine (NMT), also known as monomethyltryptamine, is a chemical compound of the tryptamine family and a naturally occurring compound found in the human body and certain plants.

It is biosynthesized in humans from tryptamine by certain N-methyltransferase enzymes, such as indolethylamine N-methyltransferase.[4][5] It is a known component in human urine.[6] NMT is an alkaloid derived from L-tryptophan that has been found in the bark, shoots and leaves of several plant genera, including Virola, Acacia, Mimosa, and Desmanthus—often together with the related compounds N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT).[7]

NMT acts as a serotonin receptor agonist and serotonin releasing agent[8] and is said to produce hallucinogenic effects in humans.[1][2][3]

Use and effects

Orally administered NMT appears to produce no psychoactive effects, likely as a result of extensive first-pass metabolism.[9]

According to Roger W. Brimblecombe and colleagues, NMT is inactive in humans, with few details provided.[10] On the other hand, according to Alexander Shulgin and others, NMT is active via non-oral routes.[1][2][3] It has been said to produce psychedelic effects at doses of 50 to 120 mg by smoking or vaporization, with a duration of seconds to minutes.[1][2][3] Based on preliminary reports, NMT is reported to produce visuals, but its effects are described as primarily spatial in nature, among other effects.[1][2][3]

NMT has also been reported to be orally active in combination with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI).[2][3]

Interactions

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

NMT is known to act as a potent serotonin 5-HT2A receptor full agonist (EC50 = 50.7 nM; Emax = 96%).[8] It has been reported to be inactive in activating the β-arrestin pathway of the receptor and hence appears to be a biased agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor.[8] The drug is not an agonist of the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor.[8]

In addition to its serotonin 5-HT2A receptor agonism, NMT is a potent serotonin releasing agent (EC50 = 22.4 nM).[8] It also releases dopamine and norepinephrine much more weakly (EC50 = 321 nM and 733 nM, respectively; 14- and 33-fold less than for serotonin, respectively).[8]

Chemistry

Analogues

Analogues of NMT include N-ethyltryptamine (NET) and dimethyltryptamine (DMT), among others.[1]

Natural occurrence

NMT is naturally occurring in Acacia species like Acacia confusa (1.63%; Buchanan et al., 2007), Acacia obtusifolia (up to two-thirds of total alkaloid content), and Acacia simplicifolia (A. simplex; 1.44% in bark, 0.29% twigs; Pouet et al., 1976) and Desmanthus illinoensis (major component seasonally).

Society and culture

United States

In the United States, NMT is considered a schedule 1 controlled substance as an positional isomer of α-methyltryptamine (AMT).[11]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 TiHKAL: The Continuation. Berkeley: Transform Press. 1997. "To my knowledge there have been no reports of oral activity of NMT, although its wide availability from botanic sources has encouraged some explorers to assay it. I have had one report that the smoking of 50–100 mg gave visuals that lasted for maybe 15 seconds." 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Nen (4 December 2011). "Entheogenic effects of NMT from Acacia". Entheogenesis Australis (EGA) Conference, Victoria, Australia, 2–5 December 2011. https://www.dmt-nexus.me/forum/default.aspx?g=posts&m=300323&%23post300323. Retrieved 15 April 2025. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 Nen (13 July 2013). "NMT: A Spatial Hallucinogen With Therapeutic Applications". Breaking Convention: The Second Multidisciplinary Conference on Psychedelic Consciousness, University of Greenwich, London, 12–14 July 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98WXxyb2u4A. 
  4. ↑ "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 26 (5): 274–281. May 2005. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007. PMID 15860375. 
  5. ↑ "The mysterious trace amines: protean neuromodulators of synaptic transmission in mammalian brain". Progress in Neurobiology 79 (5–6): 223–246. August 2006. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.07.003. PMID 16962229. 
  6. ↑ "Determination of potentially hallucinogenic N-dimethylated indoleamines in human urine by HPLC/ESI-MS-MS". Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 61 (7): 547–56. 2001. doi:10.1080/003655101753218319. PMID 11763413. 
  7. ↑ Ott, Jonathan (1996). Pharmacotheon: Entheogenic Drugs, Their Plant Sources and History. Natural Products Company. ISBN 978-0-9614234-8-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=VMjwAAAAMAAJ. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 "Interaction of psychoactive tryptamines with biogenic amine transporters and serotonin receptor subtypes". Psychopharmacology (Berl) 231 (21): 4135–4144. October 2014. doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3557-7. PMID 24800892. 
  9. ↑ "Hallucinogens, Stimulatants, and Drugs of Abuse". Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2002. p. 439. ISBN 9780683307375. https://books.google.com/books?id=qLJ6Bs1Qml4C&q=NMT&pg=PA439. 
  10. ↑ "Indolealkylamines and Related Compounds". Hallucinogenic Agents. Bristol: Wright-Scientechnica. 1975. pp. 98–144. ISBN 978-0-85608-011-1. OCLC 2176880. https://bitnest.netfirms.com/external/Books/978-0-85608-011-1. "N-Monoalkyltryptamines resemble the unsubstituted tryptamines in being good substrates for amine oxidases (Erspamer, 1955), a property which is reflected in their relatively poor hallucinogenic activity as compared to their N,N-dialkyl analogues. Thus, neither tryptamine nor its N-methyl derivative, both of which are oxidatively deaminated in rats to free (and conjugated) indole-3-acetic acids to the extent of 84·6 and 35·7 per cent respectively, produce behavioural changes in animals or man, whereas N,N-dimethyltryptamine, which is but little affected by amine oxidases, is a potent hallucinogen." 
  11. ↑ "Orange Book - List of Controlled Substances and Regulated Chemicals". August 2023. https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf. 

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