Chemistry:4-Fluorotryptamine

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4-Fluorotryptamine (4-FT; developmental code name PAL-551) is a serotonin receptor modulator and monoamine releasing agent of the tryptamine family.[1] It is the 4-fluoro derivative of tryptamine.[1]

The drug acts as a potent full agonist of the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, with an EC50 of 28 nM and an Emax of 108%.[1] In addition, it is a serotonin–dopamine releasing agent (SDRA), with EC50 values for induction of monoamine release of 108 nM for serotonin, 106 nM for dopamine, and 1,123 nM for norepinephrine in rat brain synaptosomes.[1]

Tryptamines without substitutions at the amine or alpha carbon, such as tryptamine, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), and 5-methoxytryptamine (5-MeO-T), are known to be very rapidly metabolized and thereby inactivated by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in vivo and to have very short elimination half-lives.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8] However, given intravenously at sufficiently high doses, tryptamine is still known to be able to produce weak and short-lived psychoactive effects in humans.[9][3][1][8]

The chemical synthesis of 4-fluorotryptamine has been described.[1]

4-Fluorotryptamine was first described in the scientific literature by 2014.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Alpha-ethyltryptamines as dual dopamine-serotonin releasers". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 24 (19): 4754–4758. October 2014. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.07.062. PMID 25193229. 
  2. ↑ "Tryptamine: a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in mammalian brain?". Progress in Neurobiology 19 (1–2): 117–139. 1982. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(82)90023-5. PMID 6131482. 
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Tihkal: The Continuation. Transform Press. 1997. #53. T. ISBN 978-0-9630096-9-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=jl_ik66IumUC. Retrieved 17 August 2024. "(with 250 mg, intravenously) "Tryptamine was infused intravenously over a period of up to 7.5 minutes. Physical changes included an increases in blood pressure, in the amplitude of the patellar reflex, and in pupillary diameter. The subjective changes are not unlike those seen with small doses of LSD. A point-by-point comparison between the tryptamine and LSD syndromes reveals a close similarity which is consistent with the hypothesis that tryptamine and LSD have a common mode of action."" 
  4. ↑ "Structure–activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT2A agonists". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Membrane Transport and Signaling 1 (5): 559–579. 2012. doi:10.1002/wmts.42. ISSN 2190-460X. 
  5. ↑ Chemistry and Structure-Activity Relationships of Psychedelics. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences. 36. 2018. pp. 1–43. doi:10.1007/7854_2017_475. ISBN 978-3-662-55878-2. 
  6. ↑ "MAO inhibition and the effects of centrally administered LSD, serotonin, and 5-methoxytryptamine on the conditioned avoidance response in rats". Psychopharmacology 60 (3): 309–310. February 1979. doi:10.1007/BF00426673. PMID 108709. "In contrast, MAO inhibition greatly increased brain levels of 5-HT and 5-MT (Prozialeck and Vogel, 1978). For instance, clorgyline and deprenyl increased brain levels of 5-HT 8.5-fold and 4.4-fold and of 5-MT 20-fold and 5-fold, respectively.". 
  7. ↑ "Molecular biology of 5-HT receptors". Neuropharmacology 33 (3–4): 275–317. 1994. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(94)90059-0. PMID 7984267. 
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 "Effects of infused tryptamine in man". Psychopharmacologia 18 (3): 231–237. 1970. doi:10.1007/BF00412669. PMID 4922520. 
  9. ↑ "Pharmacology and Classification of LSD-like Hallucinogens". Drug Addiction II. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1977. pp. 305–368. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66709-1_3. ISBN 978-3-642-66711-4. "MARTIN and SLOAN (1970) found that intravenously infused tryptamine increased blood pressure, dilated pupils, enhanced the patellar reflex, and produced perceptual distortions. [...] Tryptamine, but not DMT, increases locomotor activity in the mouse, while both antagonize reserpine depression (V ANE et al., 1961). [...] In the rat, tryptamine causes backward locomotion, Straub tail, bradypnea and dyspnea, and clonic convulsions (TEDESCHI et al., 1959). [...] Tryptamine produces a variety of changes in the cat causing signs of sympathetic activation including mydriasis, retraction of nictitating membrane, piloerection, motor signs such as extension of limbs and convulsions and affective changes such as hissing and snarling (LAIDLAW, 1912). [...]" 



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