Chemistry:Salicylmethylecgonine

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Short description: Chemical compound
Salicylmethylecgonine
Salicylecgonine.png
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC17H21NO5
Molar mass319.357 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
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Salicylmethylecgonine, (2′-Hydroxycocaine) is a tropane derivative drug which is both a synthetic analogue and a possible active metabolite of cocaine.[1] Its potency in vitro is around 10x that of cocaine,[2] although it is only around three times more potent than cocaine when administered to mice (likely owing to it having a higher LogP: 2.89 than that of cocaine: 2.62)[3] Note however that the compound 2′-Acetoxycocaine would act as a prodrug to Salicylmethylecgonine in humans, and has a more efficient partition coefficient which would act as a delivery system and would circumvent this reason for a drop in potency. Salicylmethylecgonine also shows increased behavioral stimulation compared to cocaine similar to the phenyltropanes.[4] The hydroxy branch renders the molecule a QSAR of a 10-fold increase over cocaine in its binding potency for the dopamine transporter & a 52-fold enhanced affinity for the norepinephrine transporter. It also has a reduced selectivity for the serotonin transporter though only due to its greater increase at NET binding; its SERT affinity being 4-fold increased compared to cocaine.[3] However, in overall binding affinity (not uptake inhibition) it displaces ligands better across the board than cocaine in all monoamine categories.

Binding comparison between cocaine and semi-synthetic derivative o-hydroxy-cocaine[4]
Compound DAT

[3H]WIN 35428

5-HTT

[3H]Paroxetine

NET

[3H]Nisoxetine

Selectivity

5-HTT/DAT

Selectivity

NET/DAT

Cocaine 249 ± 37 615 ± 120 2500 ± 70 2.5 10.0
2′(ortho)-hydroxycocaine 25 ± 4 143 ± 21 48 ± 2 5.7 1.9

Study of molecular modeling inferred that, in addition to intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the adjacent 3β-carbonyl and the 2′-OH ortho group of 185d (i.e. salicylmethylecgonine), that intermolecular hydrogen bonding between its hydroxy ortho substituent and the dopamine transporter was also possible; and was rationalized to be due to its nearness of where the nitrogen and oxygen atoms reside in the para-hydroxy of dopamine itself and its own intrinsic relation to DAT whereby that mutual hydroxyl functionality is mediated in both salicylmethylecgonine and dopamine in a similar manner. That is, at serine residue 359 on DAT, as the distance of the hydroxy to the bridge-nitrogen on salicylmethylecgonine is 7.96 Å (close to that of the distance between the p-OH & the NH2 atoms of dopamine, their distance apart being 7.83 Å). Which may play a role in this analogs increased behavioral stimulation over its parent compound cocaine. The meta-hydroxy group of dopamine, by contrast, has a distance of 6.38 Å from its nitrogen and is believed to engage with the 356 residue on DAT.[4]

See also

References

  1. "A convenient synthesis of 2'- or 4'-hydroxycocaine". Synthetic Communications 27 (22): 4003–4012. 1997. doi:10.1080/00397919708005923. https://www.scribd.com/doc/39496623/salicylmethylecgonine. 
  2. "2'-substituted analogs of cocaine: synthesis and dopamine transporter binding potencies". Archiv der Pharmazie 334 (8–9): 275–278. September 2001. doi:10.1002/1521-4184(200109)334:8/9<275::aid-ardp275>3.0.co;2-b. PMID 11688137. 
  3. 3.0 3.1 "2'-Substitution of cocaine selectively enhances dopamine and norepinephrine transporter binding". NeuroReport 8 (16): 3571–3575. November 1997. doi:10.1097/00001756-199711100-00030. PMID 9427328. 
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 "Chemistry, design, and structure-activity relationship of cocaine antagonists". Chemical Reviews 100 (3): 925–1024. March 2000. doi:10.1021/cr9700538. PMID 11749256.