Chemistry:Methoxphenidine
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| Routes of administration | Oral, Rectal |
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| Formula | C20H25NO |
| Molar mass | 295.426 g·mol−1 |
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Methoxphenidine (methoxydiphenidine, 2-MeO-Diphenidine, MXP) is a dissociative of the diarylethylamine class that has been sold online as a designer drug.[1][2] Methoxphenidine was first reported in a 1989 patent where it was tested as a treatment for neurotoxic injury.[3] Shortly after the 2013 UK ban on arylcyclohexylamines methoxphenidine and the related compound diphenidine became available on the gray market, where it has been encountered as a powder and in tablet form.[4] Though diphenidine possesses higher affinity for the NMDA receptor, anecdotal reports suggest methoxphenidine has greater oral potency.[1] Of the three isomeric anisyl-substituents methoxphenidine has affinity for the NMDA receptor that is higher than 4-MeO-Diphenidine but lower than 3-MeO-Diphenidine,[3][5] a structure–activity relationship shared by the arylcyclohexylamines.[6]
Side effects
Acute methoxphenidine intoxication has been reported to produce confusion, hypertension, and tachycardia that was responsive to treatment with intravenous lorazepam,[7][8] methoxphenidine has also been associated with three published fatalities[9] and one case of impaired driving.[10]
Psychotic episodes have also been reported, including a murder in June 2014.[11]
Legal status
As of October 2015 MXP is a controlled substance in China.[12]
MXP is also banned in Sweden.[13]
In Canada, MT-45 and its analogues were made Schedule I controlled substances, which includes DPD in its structural group.[14] Possession without legal authority can result in maximum seven years imprisonment. Further, Health Canada amended the Food and Drug Regulations in May, 2016 to classify explicitly DPD as a restricted drug. Only those with a law enforcement agency, person with an exemption permit or institutions with Minister's authorization may possess the drug.
See also
- AD-1211
- Diphenidine
- Ephenidine
- Fluorolintane
- Lanicemine
- Lefetamine
- NMDA receptor antagonist
- Phencyclidine
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs". Drug Testing and Analysis 6 (7–8): 614–632. July–August 2014. doi:10.1002/dta.1620. PMID 24678061.
- ↑ ""Word of mouse": indigenous harm reduction and online consumerism of the synthetic compound methoxphenidine". Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 47 (1): 30–41. January–March 2015. doi:10.1080/02791072.2014.974002. PMID 25715070.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Gray NM, Cheng BK, "1,2-diarylethylamines for treatment of neurotoxic injury", EP patent 0346791, issued 6 April 1994
- ↑ "Test purchase, synthesis, and characterization of 2-methoxydiphenidine (MXP) and differentiation from its meta- and para-substituted isomers". Drug Testing and Analysis 8 (1): 98–109. January 2016. doi:10.1002/dta.1800. PMID 25873326. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/3276/1/DTA-15-0028.R1.pdf. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ↑ "Mechanistic Insights into the Stimulant Properties of Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) and Their Discrimination by the Dopamine Transporter-In Silico and In Vitro Exploration of Dissociative Diarylethylamines". Brain Sciences 8 (4): 63. April 2018. doi:10.3390/brainsci8040063. PMID 29642450.
- ↑ "Pharmacological Investigations of the Dissociative 'Legal Highs' Diphenidine, Methoxphenidine and Analogues". PLOS ONE 11 (6): e0157021. June 2016. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157021. PMID 27314670. Bibcode: 2016PLoSO..1157021W.
- ↑ "Acute toxicity associated with the recreational use of the novel dissociative psychoactive substance methoxphenidine". Clinical Toxicology 52 (10): 1288–1291. December 2014. doi:10.3109/15563650.2014.974264. PMID 25350467. http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/100067/1/Revision_complete%2520text_clean_LCLT-2014-0299_Methoxphenidine_not%2520for%2520review.pdf. Retrieved 2021-05-31.
- ↑ "Intoxications by the dissociative new psychoactive substances diphenidine and methoxphenidine". Clinical Toxicology 53 (5): 446–453. June 2015. doi:10.3109/15563650.2015.1033630. PMID 25881797.
- ↑ "First reported fatalities associated with the 'research chemical' 2-methoxydiphenidine". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 39 (4): 287–293. May 2015. doi:10.1093/jat/bkv006. PMID 25698777.
- ↑ "A methoxydiphenidine-impaired driver". International Journal of Legal Medicine 130 (2): 405–409. March 2016. doi:10.1007/s00414-015-1280-5. PMID 26482953.
- ↑ "Man who killed mother believing her to be a witch sentenced to minimum of five years in jail". BBC News. 17 June 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-northern-ireland-36556909.
- ↑ "关于印发《非药用类麻醉药品和精神药品列管办法》的通知" (in Chinese). China Food and Drug Administration. 27 September 2015. http://www.sfda.gov.cn/WS01/CL0056/130753.html.
- ↑ "Fler ämnen föreslås bli klassade som narkotika eller hälsofarlig vara" (in Swedish). Folkhälsomyndigheten. 24 March 2015. http://www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se/nyheter-och-press/nyhetsarkiv/2015/mars/fler-amnen-foreslas-bli-klassade-som-narkotika-eller-halsofarlig-vara/.
- ↑ "Regulations Amending the Food and Drug Regulations (Parts G and J — Lefetamine, AH-7921, MT-45 and W-18)". Canada Gazette 150 (11). 1 June 2016. http://www.gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2016/2016-06-01/html/sor-dors106-eng.php. Retrieved 2016-11-17.
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