Biology:Boldenone undecylenate

Short description: Chemical compound

Boldenone undecylenate

Clinical data
Trade names	Boldane, Equipoise, Parenabol, others
Other names	Boldenone undecenoate; Ba 29038; Boldenone 17β-undec-10-enoate; Δ1-Testosterone 17β-undec-10-enoate; 1-Dehydrotestosterone 17β-undec-10-enoate; Androsta-1,4-dien-17β-ol-3-one 17β-undec-10-enoate
Pregnancy category	AU: X (High risk)
Routes of administration	Intramuscular injection
Drug class	Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Androgen ester
ATC code	None
Legal status
Legal status	CA: Schedule IV UK: POM (Prescription only) US: Schedule III
Pharmacokinetic data
Elimination half-life	Intramuscular: 14 days
Identifiers
IUPAC name [(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-Dimethyl-3-oxo-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] undec-10-enoate
CAS Number	13103-34-9
PubChem CID	11954310
DrugBank	DBSALT001616
ChemSpider	10128605
UNII	ZS6D2ITA30
ChEMBL	ChEMBL2106059
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C30H44O3
Molar mass	452.679 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CC[C@@H]2OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC=C)CCC4=CC(=O)C=C[C@]34C
InChI InChI=1S/C30H44O3/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-28(32)33-27-16-15-25-24-14-13-22-21-23(31)17-19-29(22,2)26(24)18-20-30(25,27)3/h4,17,19,21,24-27H,1,5-16,18,20H2,2-3H3/t24-,25-,26-,27-,29-,30-/m0/s1 Key:AHMMSNQYOPMLSX-CNQKSJKFSA-N

Boldenone undecylenate, or boldenone undecenoate, sold under the brand names Equipoise and Parenabol among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used in veterinary medicine, mainly in horses. It was formerly used in humans as well. It is given by injection into muscle.

Side effects of boldenone undecylenate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire. The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). It has strong anabolic effects and moderate androgenic effects, weak estrogenic effects, and no risk of liver damage. Boldenone undecylenate is an androgen ester and a long-lasting prodrug of boldenone in the body.

Boldenone undecylenate was introduced for medical use in the 1960s. In addition to its medical use, boldenone undecylenate is used to improve physique and performance. The drug is a controlled substance in the United States and its use is generally illicit. It remains marketed for veterinary use in Australia and the United States .

Uses

Veterinary

Boldenone undecylenate is used in veterinary medicine, mainly in horses.

Clinical

Boldenone undecylenate was formerly used in clinical medicine in humans, but was discontinued. The drug is currently not approved by Food and Drug Administration. It is also classified as DEA Schedule III controlled substance.

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Boldenone undecylenate is a prodrug of boldenone, and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor. Boldenone has strong anabolic effects and moderate androgenic effects. It also has low estrogenic activity and has little or no progestogenic activity. In relation to the fact that it is not 17α-alkylated, boldenone and boldenone undecylenate have little or no risk of hepatotoxicity.

Pharmacokinetics

Boldenone undecylenate is a prodrug of boldenone. When administered via intramuscular injection, a depot is formed from which boldenone undecylenate is slowly released into the body and then transformed into boldenone. The drug possess a biological half-life of 14 days when administered by intramuscular injection. Boldenone is a substrate for 5α-reductase and may be converted by this enzyme into 1-testosterone (δ¹-dihydrotestosterone, δ¹-DHT, dihydroboldenone) in tissues that express it such as the skin, hair follicles, and prostate gland. However, its affinity for this enzyme is said to be extremely low.

Chemistry

Boldenone undecylenate, or boldenone 17β-undec-10-enoate, is a synthetic androstane steroid and a derivative of testosterone. It is the C17β undecylenate (undecenoate) ester of boldenone (δ¹-testosterone, 1-dehydrotestosterone, or androsta-1,4-dien-17β-ol-3-one), which itself is the C1(2) dehydrogenated analogue of testosterone and a naturally occurring androgen found in the scent gland of Ilybius fenestratus (a species of aquatic beetle). Boldenone is the non-17α-alkylated variant of metandienone (17α-methyl-δ¹-testosterone). An AAS related to boldenone undecylenate is quinbolone (δ¹-testosterone 17β-cyclopentenyl enol ether).

History

Boldenone was reportedly patented by Ciba in 1949, and esters of the compound were developed by the company in the 1950s and 1960s. One such ester, boldenone undecylenate, was introduced for clinical use as an injectable AAS under the brand name Parenabol in the 1960s. However, it was discontinued for use in humans in the late 1970s. Squibb introduced boldenone undecylenate for veterinary use under the brand name Equipoise. The medication has been used much more widely in veterinary medicine, in which it has been used mainly in horses, and remains in use today.

Society and culture

Generic names

Boldenone undecylenate is the generic name of the drug and its USAN, while boldenone undecenoate is its BANM.

Brand names

Boldenone undecylenate is or has been marketed under a number of brand names including Boldane, Equipoise, Parenabol, and Vebonol among others.

Availability

Boldenone undecylenate remains marketed for veterinary use in Australia and the United States .

Doping in sports

There are many known cases of doping in sports with boldenone undecylenate by professional athletes.

References

{{Navbox

| name = Androgens and antiandrogens
| title = Androgens and antiandrogens
| state = collapsed
| listclass = hlist
| groupstyle = text-align:center;

| group1 = Androgens
(incl. AAS)

| list1 =

AR agonists

Testosterone derivatives: Androstenediol dipropionate Boldenone undecylenate Clostebol Clostebol acetate Clostebol caproate Clostebol propionate Cloxotestosterone acetate Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA) Prasterone enanthate (DHEA enanthate) Prasterone sulfate (DHEA sulfate) Quinbolone Testosterone# Testosterone esters (e.g., testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate]], testosterone propionate]], testosterone undecanoate]], testosterone ester mixture]]s (Deposterona, Omnadren, Sustanon, Testoviron Depot)) Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androstanolone (stanolone, dihydrotestosterone, DHT) Androstanolone esters Bolazine capronate Drostanolone propionate (dromostanolone propionate) Epitiostanol Mepitiostane Mesterolone Metenolone acetate (methenolone acetate) Metenolone enanthate (methenolone enanthate) Stenbolone acetate 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: Bolandiol dipropionate Nandrolone esters (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate) Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate) Trenbolone acetate Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate (trenbolone cyclohexylmethylcarbonate) 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone Calusterone Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT) Fluoxymesterone Formebolone Metandienone (methandienone, methandrostenolone) Methandriol (methylandrostenediol) Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate Methandriol dipropionate Methandriol propionate Methyltestosterone Methyltestosterone 3-hexyl ether Oxymesterone Penmesterol Tiomesterone (thiomesterone) 17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole Furazabol Mebolazine (dimethazine) Mestanolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Ethylestrenol Mibolerone Norethandrolone Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone) Propetandrol (propethandrol) 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone) 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Danazol Gestrinone Progestins (e.g., ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone), levonorgestrel, norgestrel, norethisterone (norethindrone), [[Chemistry:Lynestrlynestrenol, Norgestrienone|norgestrienone]]) Tibolone Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate

Progonadotropins

Antiestrogens (e.g., tamoxifen, Chemistry:Clomifene

| group2 = Antiandrogens
| list2 = {{Navbox|child
| groupstyle = text-align:center;
| groupwidth = 9em;

  | group1 = AR antagonists
  | list1 =

• Steroidal: Abiraterone acetate
• Canrenone
• Chlormadinone acetate
• Cyproterone acetate
• Delmadinone acetate
• Dienogest
• Drospirenone
• Medrogestone
• Megestrol acetate
• Nomegestrol acetate
• Osaterone acetate
• Oxendolone
• Potassium canrenoate
• Spironolactone

• Nonsteroidal: Apalutamide
• Bicalutamide
• Cimetidine
• Darolutamide
• Enzalutamide
• Flutamide
• Ketoconazole
• Nilutamide
• Seviteronel^†
• Topilutamide (fluridil)

  | group2 = Steroidogenesis
inhibitors

| list2 =

5α-Reductase	Alfatradiol Dutasteride Epristeride Finasteride Saw palmetto extract
Others	Abiraterone acetate Aminoglutethimide Bifluranol Cyproterone acetate Flutamide Ketoconazole Nilutamide Seviteronel† Spironolactone

  | group3 = Antigonadotropins
  | list3 =

• D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride)
• Estrogens (e.g., bifluranol, [[diethylstilbestrol, estradiol, estradiol esters, ethinylestradiol, ethinylestradiol sulfonate, paroxypropione)
• GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin)
• GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix)
• Progestogens (incl., chlormadinone acetate, [[cyproterone acetate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, gestonorone caproate, [[Chemistry:Medroxyprogesterone medroxyprogesterone acetate, Chemistry:Megestrol acetate|megestrol acetate]])

  | group4 = Others
  | list4 =

• Androstenedione immunogens: Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
• Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

}}

| liststyle = background:#DDDDFF;

| list3 =

• ^#WHO-EM
• ^‡Withdrawn from market
• Clinical trials:
  • ^†Phase III
  • ^§Never to phase III

See also

Androgen receptor modulators

Estrogens and antiestrogens

Progestogens and antiprogestogens

List of androgens/anabolic steroids

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