Chemistry:Serotonergic psychedelic

Short description: Subclass of psychedelic drugs

Serotonergic psychedelics (also known as serotonergic hallucinogens) are a subclass of hallucinogens with a method of action strongly tied to the neurotransmitter serotonin. Serotonin (often referred to as 5-HT, short for its full chemical name 5-hydroxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring neurotransmitter which is tied to positive mood, certain involuntary muscle control, and countless other functions, many of which are not yet fully understood.

Mechanism of action

While the method of action of serotonergic psychedelics is not fully understood, serotonergic psychedelics are known to show affinities for various 5-HT receptors in different ways and levels, and may be classified by their activity at different 5-HT sub-types, particularly 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, and 5-HT_2C . Many serotonergic psychedelics, such as the family of tryptamines, have very strong structural similarities to serotonin itself, which partially explains the affinity for certain 5-HT sites. It is almost unanimously agreed that serotonergic psychedelics produce their effect by acting as strong partial agonists at the 5-HT_2A receptors. How this produces the psychedelic experience is unclear, but it is likely that it acts by increasing excitation in the cortex, possibly by specifically facilitating input from the thalamus, the major relay for sensory information input to the cortex. Additionally, researchers discovered that many serotonergic psychedelics are potent psychoplastogens, compounds capable of promoting rapid and sustained neural plasticity.

Examples

Examples of classical psychedelics include DMT, LSD, mescaline, and psilocybin. The tryptamine psychedelics, such as DMT, psilocybin (4-PO-DMT) and LSD, structurally resemble serotonin itself. The phenethylamine psychedelics on the other hand, such as mescaline (trimethoxyphenethylamine), compounds of the 2C family and coumpounds of the DOx family, more closely resemble the neurotransmitter dopamine. the lysergamides psychedelics, like LSD are a sub class of tryptamine psychedelics but with a phenethylamine structure added.

Recreational use

The most widely known use of serotonergic psychedelics is as recreational drugs, providing the user with a psychedelic experience known colloquially as a trip. A US survey published in 2013 found that 13.4% of adults had used a psychedelic.

See also

• Hallucinogen
• Serotonergic cell groups
• Serotonin syndrome

External resources

• Organization for Understanding Cluster Headaches Research Library - 5HT and Hallucinogens (Archive.org index, Aug 28, 2005)
• Cluster Busters