Biology:GATA6

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Transcription factor GATA-6, also known as GATA-binding factor 6 (GATA6), is protein that in humans is encoded by the GATA6 gene. The gene product preferentially binds (A/T/C)GAT(A/T)(A) of the consensus binding sequence.

Clinical significance

Mutations in the gene have been linked with pancreatic agenesis and congenital heart defects.

Lung Endodermal Epithelial Development

GATA-6, a zinc finger transcription factor, is important in the endodermal differentiation of organ tissues. It is also indicated in proper lung development by controlling the late differentiation stages of alveolar epithelium and aquaporin-5 promoter activation. Furthermore, GATA-6 has been linked to the production of LIF, a cytokine that encourages proliferation of endodermal embryonic stem cells and blocks early epiblast differentiation. If left unregulated in the developing embryo, this cytokine production and chemical signal contributes to the phenotypes discussed further below.

Upon the disruption of GATA-6 in an embryo, the distal lung epithelial development is stunted in transgenic mice models The progenitor cells, or stem cells, for alveolar epithelial tissues develop and are specified appropriately, however further differentiation does not occur. Also the distal-proximal bronchiole development is affected, resulting in a reduced quantity of airway exchange sites.

This branching deficit, which will cause bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia after birth, has been locally associated with areas lacking differentiated alveolar epithelium, implicating this phenotype as inherent to endodermal function, and thus may be indirectly linked to improper GATA-6 expression. That is, a deficit of bronchiole branching may not be a result of direct transcriptional error in GATA-6, but rather a side effect of such an error.

See also

• GATA transcription factor

Further reading

• "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• "The human GATA-6 gene: structure, chromosomal location, and regulation of expression by tissue-specific and mitogen-responsive signals". Genomics 38 (3): 283–90. 1997. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0630. PMID 8975704. 
• "Molecular cloning of human GATA-6 DNA binding protein: high levels of expression in heart and gut". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1353 (2): 98–102. 1997. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00049-3. PMID 9294001. 
• "GATA-6 DNA binding protein expressed in human gastric adenocarcinoma MKN45 cells". FEBS Lett. 414 (2): 333–7. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01017-X. PMID 9315713. 
• "Construction and characterization of a full length-enriched and a 5'-end-enriched cDNA library". Gene 200 (1–2): 149–56. 1997. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00411-3. PMID 9373149. 
• "A p300 protein as a coactivator of GATA-6 in the transcription of the smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain gene". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25330–5. 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.M000828200. PMID 10851229. 
• "Defects of the heart, eye, and megakaryocytes in peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-binding protein (PBP) null embryos implicate GATA family of transcription factors". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (5): 3585–92. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107995200. PMID 11724781. 
• "GATA-6 and thyroid transcription factor-1 directly interact and regulate surfactant protein-C gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (6): 4519–25. 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M107585200. PMID 11733512. 
• "Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 during mouse and human adrenocortical development". Endocr. Res. 28 (4): 647–50. 2003. doi:10.1081/ERC-120016980. PMID 12530677. 
• "Cysteine-rich LIM-only proteins CRP1 and CRP2 are potent smooth muscle differentiation cofactors". Dev. Cell 4 (1): 107–18. 2003. doi:10.1016/S1534-5807(02)00396-9. PMID 12530967. 
• "Transcriptional activation of BMP-4 and regulation of mammalian organogenesis by GATA-4 and -6". Dev. Biol. 254 (1): 131–48. 2003. doi:10.1016/S0012-1606(02)00026-X. PMID 12606287. 
• "GATA-6 is involved in PPARgamma-mediated activation of differentiated phenotype in human vascular smooth muscle cells". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 23 (3): 404–10. 2003. doi:10.1161/01.ATV.0000059405.51042.A0. PMID 12615657. 
• "Transcription factor GATA-6, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in human fetal testis". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (4): 1858–65. 2003. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021647. PMID 12679484. 
• "Transcription factor GATA-6 is expressed in malignant endoderm of pediatric yolk sac tumors and in teratomas". Pediatr. Res. 54 (4): 542–6. 2004. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000081295.56529.E9. PMID 12867597. 
• "Inhibition of alveolarization and altered pulmonary mechanics in mice expressing GATA-6". Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 285 (6): L1246–54. 2003. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00443.2002. PMID 12909592. 
• "GATA- and Smad1-Dependent Enhancers in the Smad7 Gene Differentially Interpret Bone Morphogenetic Protein Concentrations". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (18): 6646–61. 2003. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.18.6646-6661.2003. PMID 12944489. 
• "GATA-6 is expressed in the human adrenal and regulates transcription of genes required for adrenal androgen biosynthesis". Endocrinology 144 (10): 4285–8. 2003. doi:10.1210/en.2003-0472. PMID 12959982. 
• "Steroid sulfotransferase 2A1 gene transcription is regulated by steroidogenic factor 1 and GATA-6 in the human adrenal". Mol. Endocrinol. 19 (1): 184–97. 2005. doi:10.1210/me.2003-0332. PMID 15388788. 
• "Transcription factors GATA-4 and GATA-6 in human adrenocortical tumors". Endocr. Res. 30 (4): 919–23. 2005. doi:10.1081/ERC-200044149. PMID 15666845. 

External links

• GATA6+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)