Biology:Winged-helix transcription factors

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Short description: Family of proteins


NMR solution structure of winged-helix protein, F-112, from Sulfolobus Spindle-shaped Virus 1

A winged-helix transcription factor is a type of transcription factor that binds to DNA using a protein domain called a winged-helix domain. In some cases, the term has been used to refer specifically to the family of FOX proteins, where the winged-helix domain is used synonymously with fork head domain.[1] However, there are other families such as the RFX1-like transcription factors which have a similarly structured DNA-binding domain, despite having a very different mechanism of DNA-binding. These related transcription factors are also sometimes referred to as being winged-helix transcription factors.[2]

The FOX proteins and 2 other families (E2F and RFX) are sometimes grouped into a common “Forked head / winged helix factor” class of transcription factors.[3]

Forkhead Box Proteins

Main article: Biology:FOX proteins

Consisting of about 110 amino acids, the domain in FOX proteins (see Regulation of gene expression) has four helices and two large loops which are the “wings”.[1] There are 50 human proteins in this family, and they are classified into 19 families called FoxA-FoxS.[4]

E2F Transcription Factors

Main article: Biology:E2F

The E2F family of transcription factors possesses a DNA-binding domain that is similar to a winged-helix.[5]

RFX Proteins

RFX (Regulatory Factor X) proteins is a small family of transcription factors with diverse roles. The 8 human proteins are called RFX1-8, and have a shared characteristic of binding to a particular sequence motif called the X-box. With the exception of RFX8, they each possess a similar conserved DNA-binding domain structured like a winged helix.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Unified nomenclature for the winged helix/forkhead transcription factors". Genes & Development 14 (2): 142–146. 2000-01-15. doi:10.1101/gad.14.2.142. PMID 10702024. 
  2. ↑ "Winged helix proteins". Current Opinion in Structural Biology 10 (1): 110–116. 2000-02-01. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(99)00057-3. PMID 10679470. https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~koudelka/winged.pdf. 
  3. ↑ "Classification of Human Transcription Factors: Families". 2018-10-05. https://genexplain.com/tfclass/huTF_classification_Families.html. 
  4. ↑ "Update of human and mouse forkhead box (FOX) gene families". Human Genomics 4 (5). 2010-06-01. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-4-5-345. PMID 20650821. 
  5. ↑ "Structural basis of DNA recognition by the heterodimeric cell cycle transcription factor E2F-DP". Genes & Development 13 (6): 666–74. March 1999. doi:10.1101/gad.13.6.666. PMID 10090723. 
  6. ↑ "Characterization of the human RFX transcription factor family by regulatory and target gene analysis". BMC Genomics 19 (1). 2018-03-06. doi:10.1186/s12864-018-4564-6. PMID 29510665. 



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