Biology:NFATC2

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NFATC2 gene.

Function

This gene is a member of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family. The product of this gene is a DNA-binding protein with a REL-homology region (RHR) and an NFAT-homology region (NHR). This protein is present in the cytosol and only translocates to the nucleus upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, where it becomes a member of the nuclear factors of activated T cells transcription complex. This complex plays a central role in inducing gene transcription during the immune response. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized.

Clinical significance

Translocation forming an in frame fusions product between EWSR1 gene and the NFATc2 gene has been described in bone tumor with a Ewing sarcoma-like clinical appearance. The translocation breakpoint led to the loss of the controlling elements of the NFATc2 protein and the fusion of the N terminal region of the EWSR1 gene conferred constant activation of the protein.

Interactions

NFATC2 has been shown to interact with MEF2D, EP300, IRF4 and Protein kinase Mζ. Prostaglandin F2alpha stimulates a NFCT2 pathway stimulating growth of skeletal muscle cells.

Further reading

• "Transcription factors of the NFAT family: regulation and function". Annual Review of Immunology 15: 707–747. 1997. doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.707. PMID 9143705. 
• "Generic signals and specific outcomes: signaling through Ca2+, calcineurin, and NF-AT". Cell 96 (5): 611–614. Mar 1999. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80571-1. PMID 10089876. 
• "NFAT: ubiquitous regulator of cell differentiation and adaptation". The Journal of Cell Biology 156 (5): 771–774. Mar 2002. doi:10.1083/jcb.200111073. PMID 11877454. 
• "Activation and expression of the nuclear factors of activated T cells, NFATp and NFATc, in human natural killer cells: regulation upon CD16 ligand binding". The Journal of Experimental Medicine 182 (3): 801–810. Sep 1995. doi:10.1084/jem.182.3.801. PMID 7650486. 
• "[IMAGE: molecular integration of the analysis of the human genome and its expression]". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série III 318 (2): 263–72. Feb 1995. PMID 7757816. 
• "Cloning and chromosomal localization of the human and murine genes for the T-cell transcription factors NFATc and NFATp". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 68 (3–4): 185–191. 1995. doi:10.1159/000133910. PMID 7842733. 
• "Cloning and Characterization of NF-ATc and NF-ATp: The Cytoplasmic Components of NF-AT". Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation V. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. 365. 1994. pp. 167–73. doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0987-9_17. ISBN 978-1-4899-0989-3. 
• "Interaction of HIV gp120 and anti-CD4 antibodies with the CD4 molecule on human CD4+ T cells inhibits the binding activity of NF-AT, NF-kappa B and AP-1, three nuclear factors regulating interleukin-2 gene enhancer activity". European Journal of Immunology 24 (11): 2646–2652. Nov 1994. doi:10.1002/eji.1830241112. PMID 7957556. 
• "Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 tat enhances interleukin-2 promoter activity through synergism with phorbol ester and calcium-mediated activation of the NF-AT cis-regulatory motif". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 205 (1): 467–474. Nov 1994. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2689. PMID 7999066. 
• "The T-cell transcription factor NFATp is a substrate for calcineurin and interacts with Fos and Jun". Nature 365 (6444): 352–355. Sep 1993. doi:10.1038/365352a0. PMID 8397339. Bibcode: 1993Natur.365..352J. 
• "Recombinant NFAT1 (NFATp) is regulated by calcineurin in T cells and mediates transcription of several cytokine genes". Molecular and Cellular Biology 16 (7): 3955–66. Jul 1996. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.7.3955. PMID 8668213. 
• "Cyclosporin A sensitivity of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat identifies distinct p56lck-dependent pathways activated by CD4 triggering". European Journal of Immunology 26 (9): 2181–2188. Sep 1996. doi:10.1002/eji.1830260933. PMID 8814265. 
• "Suppression of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by CD8+ T cells is dependent on the NFAT-1 element". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses 12 (2): 143–148. Jan 1996. doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.143. PMID 8834464. 
• "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Research 6 (9): 791–806. Sep 1996. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548. 
• "NF-AT-Driven interleukin-4 transcription potentiated by NIP45". Science 274 (5294): 1903–1905. Dec 1996. doi:10.1126/science.274.5294.1903. PMID 8943202. Bibcode: 1996Sci...274.1903H. 
• "Expression of NFAT-family proteins in normal human T cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology 17 (5): 2475–84. May 1997. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.5.2475. PMID 9111316. 
• "Distinct NFAT family proteins are involved in the nuclear NFAT-DNA binding complexes from human thymocyte subsets". Journal of Immunology 160 (5): 2324–33. Mar 1998. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2324. PMID 9498773. 
• "Structure of the DNA-binding domains from NFAT, Fos and Jun bound specifically to DNA". Nature 392 (6671): 42–48. Mar 1998. doi:10.1038/32100. PMID 9510247. Bibcode: 1998Natur.392...42C. 

External links

• NFATC2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.