Biology:HMGB2

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

High-mobility group protein B2 also known as high-mobility group protein 2 (HMG-2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HMGB2 gene.

Function

This gene encodes a member of the non-histone chromosomal high-mobility group protein family. The proteins of this family are chromatin-associated and ubiquitously distributed in the nucleus of higher eukaryotic cells. In vitro studies have demonstrated that this protein is able to efficiently bend DNA and form DNA circles. These studies suggest a role in facilitating cooperative interactions between cis-acting proteins by promoting DNA flexibility. This protein was also reported to be involved in the final ligation step in DNA end-joining processes of DNA double-strand breaks repair and V(D)J recombination.

Further reading

• "A human HMG2 cDNA with a novel 3'-untranslated region". Nucleic Acids Research 20 (23): 6413. Dec 1992. doi:10.1093/nar/20.23.6413. PMID 1475204. 
• "Structure of a gene coding for human HMG2 protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 267 (10): 6641–5. Apr 1992. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)50475-6. PMID 1551873. 
• "Identification of the core-histone-binding domains of HMG1 and HMG2". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 866 (4): 242–51. May 1986. doi:10.1016/0167-4781(86)90049-7. PMID 3697355. 
• "High mobility group protein 2 functionally interacts with the POU domains of octamer transcription factors". The EMBO Journal 14 (6): 1198–208. Mar 1995. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07103.x. PMID 7720710. 
• "Activation of the TFIID-TFIIA complex with HMG-2". Genes & Development 9 (11): 1354–65. Jun 1995. doi:10.1101/gad.9.11.1354. PMID 7797075. 
• "The nonspecific DNA-binding and -bending proteins HMG1 and HMG2 promote the assembly of complex nucleoprotein structures". Genes & Development 7 (8): 1521–34. Aug 1993. doi:10.1101/gad.7.8.1521. PMID 8339930. 
• "Mapping of the human HMG2 gene to 4q31". Genomics 31 (2): 264–5. Jan 1996. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0046. PMID 8824816. 
• "Non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and 2 enhance ligation reaction of DNA double-strand breaks". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 246 (1): 137–41. May 1998. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.8589. PMID 9600082. 
• "High-mobility group chromatin proteins 1 and 2 functionally interact with steroid hormone receptors to enhance their DNA binding in vitro and transcriptional activity in mammalian cells". Molecular and Cellular Biology 18 (8): 4471–87. Aug 1998. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.8.4471. PMID 9671457. 
• "High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 can function as DNA-binding regulatory components for DNA-dependent protein kinase in vitro". Journal of Biochemistry 124 (3): 519–27. Sep 1998. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a022143. PMID 9722660. 
• "The RAG1 homeodomain recruits HMG1 and HMG2 to facilitate recombination signal sequence binding and to enhance the intrinsic DNA-bending activity of RAG1-RAG2". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19 (10): 6532–42. Oct 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.6532. PMID 10490593. 
• "Phage display screening reveals an association between germline-specific transcription factor Oct-4 and multiple cellular proteins". Journal of Molecular Biology 304 (4): 529–40. Dec 2000. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4238. PMID 11099378. 
• "HMGB1 and HMGB2 cell-specifically down-regulate the p53- and p73-dependent sequence-specific transactivation from the human Bax gene promoter". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (9): 7157–64. Mar 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110233200. PMID 11748232. 
• "HMG2 interacts with the nucleosome assembly protein SET and is a target of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protease granzyme A". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22 (8): 2810–20. Apr 2002. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.8.2810-2820.2002. PMID 11909973. 
• "Identification of casein kinase Ialpha interacting protein partners". FEBS Letters 517 (1–3): 167–71. Apr 2002. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02614-5. PMID 12062430. 
• "Cleaving the oxidative repair protein Ape1 enhances cell death mediated by granzyme A". Nature Immunology 4 (2): 145–53. Feb 2003. doi:10.1038/ni885. PMID 12524539. 
• "High-mobility group protein 2 may be involved in the locus control region regulation of the beta-globin gene cluster". Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80 (6): 765–70. 2003. doi:10.1139/o02-164. PMID 12555809. 
• "Association of chromatin proteins high mobility group box (HMGB) 1 and HMGB2 with mitotic chromosomes". Molecular Biology of the Cell 14 (8): 3414–26. Aug 2003. doi:10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0581. PMID 12925773. 
• "HMGB2 orchestrates the chromatin landscape of senescence-associated secretory phenotype gene loci". The Journal of Cell Biology 215 (3): 325–334. Oct 2016. doi:10.1083/jcb.201608026. PMID 27799366. PMC 5100296. http://jcb.rupress.org/content/jcb/215/3/325.full.pdf.  Loss of HMGB2 (High-mobility group protein box 2) during senescence blunts SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype) gene expression by allowing for spreading of repressive heterochromatin into SASP gene loci. This correlates with incorporation of SASP gene loci into SAHF (senescence-associated heterochromatin foci), which in turn represses SASP gene expression

External links

• HMGB2+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)