Biology:Sp8 transcription factor
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Transcription factor Sp8 also known as specificity protein 8 (SP-8) or Btd transcription factor (buttonhead)[1] is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP8 gene.[2][3] Sp8 is a transcription factor in the Sp/KLF family.
Function
Sp8 mediates limb outgrowth during early development.[1] Sp8 deletion in mice resulted in severe exencephaly.[4] Sp8 is a zinc-finger transcription factor. The structural difference between Sp8 and Sp9 is only one amino acid. These transcription factors are Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER) specific in limb development. The Apical Ectodermal Ridge signaling is important for specification of distal limb structures. Sp8 and Sp9 mediate Fgf10 signaling, which in turn regulates Fgf8 expression (Fgf10--->Fgf8). Fgf8 is essential for normal limb development, and without the presence of Fgf8 in early development, there would be a decreased length of the limb bud and possible failure of the limb tissue develop. Both Sp8 and Sp9 have been found in vertebrates. Although, so far only Sp8 has been proven to be present in invertebrates too. Under lab conditions, Sp8 replaced btd in Drosophila, showing that Sp8 and btd both have similar functions in limb development in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Gene knockdown in zebrafish displayed that Fgf8 expression is necessary for appendage development.[5]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "mBtd is required to maintain signaling during murine limb development". Genes & Development 17 (21): 2630–5. November 2003. doi:10.1101/gad.274103. PMID 14597661. PMC 280612. http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:599015/component/escidoc:2250949/599015.pdf.
- ↑ "Sp8 is crucial for limb outgrowth and neuropore closure". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100 (21): 12195–200. October 2003. doi:10.1073/pnas.2134310100. PMID 14526104.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: Sp8 transcription factor". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=221833.
- ↑ "The zinc finger transcription factor Sp8 regulates the generation and diversity of olfactory bulb interneurons". Neuron 49 (4): 503–16. February 2006. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.01.018. PMID 16476661.
- ↑ "Sp8 and Sp9, two closely related buttonhead-like transcription factors, regulate Fgf8 expression and limb outgrowth in vertebrate embryos". Development 131 (19): 4763–74. October 2004. doi:10.1242/dev.01331. PMID 15358670.
Further reading
- "Genome-wide association study of bipolar I disorder in the Han Chinese population". Molecular Psychiatry 16 (5): 548–56. May 2011. doi:10.1038/mp.2010.43. PMID 20386566.
- "Genomic structure and cloning of two transcript isoforms of human Sp8". BMC Genomics 5: 86. November 2004. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-5-86. PMID 15533246.
- "Maternal genes and facial clefts in offspring: a comprehensive search for genetic associations in two population-based cleft studies from Scandinavia". PLOS ONE 5 (7): e11493. July 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011493. PMID 20634891. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...511493J.
- "Genome-wide association of lipid-lowering response to statins in combined study populations". PLOS ONE 5 (3): e9763. March 2010. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009763. PMID 20339536. Bibcode: 2010PLoSO...5.9763B.
- "Diversification of transcriptional modulation: large-scale identification and characterization of putative alternative promoters of human genes". Genome Research 16 (1): 55–65. January 2006. doi:10.1101/gr.4039406. PMID 16344560.
- "An atlas of combinatorial transcriptional regulation in mouse and man". Cell 140 (5): 744–52. March 2010. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.044. PMID 20211142.
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