Biology:Germ cell nuclear factor
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF), also known as RTR (retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor) or NR6A1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR6A1 gene.[1][2] GCNF is a member of the nuclear receptor family of intracellular transcription factors .
In adults, GCNH is expressed mainly in the germ cells of gonads and is involved in the regulation of embryogenesis and germ cell differentiation.[3]
Its expression pattern suggests that it may be involved in neurogenesis and germ cell development. The protein can homodimerize and bind DNA, but in vivo targets have not been identified. The gene expresses three alternatively spliced transcript variants.[4]
In cells undergoing homologous recombination during meiosis, DNA intermediates are processed as an essential step in the exchange of information between parental homologous chromosomes. In eukaryotes the RTR complex, which consists of a type IA topoisomerase, a RecQ helicase and the structural protein RMI1, is employed in processing DNA recombination intermediates.[5]
References
- ↑ "Cloning of the human orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor/retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor and its differential regulation during embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 18 (2): 167–76. Apr 1997. doi:10.1677/jme.0.0180167. PMID 9134503.
- ↑ "Characterization of the human germ cell nuclear factor gene". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1309 (3): 179–82. Dec 1996. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(96)00157-1. PMID 8982251.
- ↑ "The germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF)". Molecular Reproduction and Development 72 (4): 550–6. Dec 2005. doi:10.1002/mrd.20377. PMID 16155958.
- ↑ "Entrez Gene: NR6A1 nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=2649.
- ↑ Knoll A, Schröpfer S, Puchta H. The RTR complex as caretaker of genome stability and its unique meiotic function in plants. Front Plant Sci. 2014 Feb 12;5:33. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00033. PMID: 24575106; PMCID: PMC3921566
Further reading
- "Germ cell nuclear factor: an orphan receptor with unexpected properties". Journal of Molecular Medicine 76 (12): 800–10. 1999. doi:10.1007/s001090050284. PMID 9846950.
- "RTR: a new member of the nuclear receptor superfamily that is highly expressed in murine testis". Gene 152 (2): 247–51. Jan 1995. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)00656-D. PMID 7835709. https://zenodo.org/record/1258523.
- "Characterization of the response element and DNA binding properties of the nuclear orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor/retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 272 (16): 10565–72. Apr 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10565. PMID 9099702.
- "cDNA cloning of two closely related forms of human germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF)". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1352 (1): 13–7. May 1997. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(97)00043-2. PMID 9177477.
- "Cloning, expression analysis and chromosomal localization of the human nuclear receptor gene GCNF". FEBS Letters 424 (1–2): 73–8. Mar 1998. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00142-2. PMID 9537518.
- "Characterization of the DNA-binding and dimerization properties of the nuclear orphan receptor germ cell nuclear factor". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19 (1): 690–703. Jan 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.1.690. PMID 9858592.
- "DNA binding, protein interaction and differential expression of the human germ cell nuclear factor". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1446 (3): 173–80. Sep 1999. doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00079-2. PMID 10524192.
- "Characterization of the repressor function of the nuclear orphan receptor retinoid receptor-related testis-associated receptor/germ cell nuclear factor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (45): 35077–85. Nov 2000. doi:10.1074/jbc.M005566200. PMID 10940306.
- "Genomic structure of the gene for mouse germ-cell nuclear factor (GCNF). II. Comparison with the genomic structure of the human GCNF gene". Genome Biology 2 (5): RESEARCH0017. 2001. doi:10.1186/gb-2001-2-5-research0017. PMID 11387038.
- "Characterization of the expression of the retinoid-related, testis-associated receptor (RTR) in trophoblasts". Placenta 23 (4): 281–7. Apr 2002. doi:10.1053/plac.2001.0779. PMID 11969338.
- "RAP80, a novel nuclear protein that interacts with the retinoid-related testis-associated receptor". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (35): 32379–88. Aug 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M203475200. PMID 12080054.
- "The embryonic function of germ cell nuclear factor is dependent on the DNA binding domain". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 277 (52): 50660–7. Dec 2002. doi:10.1074/jbc.M209586200. PMID 12381721.
- "Analysis of germ cell nuclear factor transcripts and protein expression during spermatogenesis". Biology of Reproduction 68 (5): 1620–30. May 2003. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.012013. PMID 12606326.
- "Germ cell nuclear factor relieves cAMP-response element modulator tau-mediated activation of the testis-specific promoter of human mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (50): 52493–9. Dec 2004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M404467200. PMID 15456763.
External links
- NR6A1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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