Biology:Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

The ARNT gene encodes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein that forms a complex with ligand-bound aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and is required for receptor function. The encoded protein has also been identified as the beta subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). A t(1;12)(q21;p13) translocation, which results in a TEL-ARNT fusion protein, is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in the induction of several enzymes that participate in xenobiotic metabolism. The ligand-free, cytosolic form of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is complexed to heat shock protein 90. Binding of ligand, which includes dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, results in translocation of the ligand-binding subunit only into the nucleus. Induction of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism occurs through binding of the ligand-bound AhR to xenobiotic responsive elements in the promoters of genes for these enzymes.

Interactions

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator has been shown to interact with:

• AIP,
• AHR,
• EPAS1,
• HIF1A,
• NCOA2,
• SIM1, and
• SIM2.

Further reading

• "Hypoxia-inducible factors in the kidney.". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 291 (2): F271–81. 2006. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00071.2006. PMID 16554418. 
• "Identification of the Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein (Arnt) as a component of the DNA binding form of the Ah receptor.". Science 256 (5060): 1193–5. 1992. doi:10.1126/science.256.5060.1193. PMID 1317062. Bibcode: 1992Sci...256.1193R. 
• "Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor.". Science 252 (5008): 954–8. 1991. doi:10.1126/science.1852076. PMID 1852076. Bibcode: 1991Sci...252..954H. 
• "Functional analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator interactions with aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system.". Biochem. Pharmacol. 50 (8): 1295–302. 1995. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)02016-6. PMID 7488247. 
• "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (12): 5510–4. 1995. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510. PMID 7539918. Bibcode: 1995PNAS...92.5510W. 
• "Protein-protein interaction via PAS domains: role of the PAS domain in positive and negative regulation of the bHLH/PAS dioxin receptor-Arnt transcription factor complex.". EMBO J. 14 (14): 3528–39. 1995. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07359.x. PMID 7628454. 
• "Immunohistochemical double-staining for Ah receptor and ARNT in human embryonic palatal shelves.". Teratology 50 (5): 361–6. 1995. doi:10.1002/tera.1420500507. PMID 7716743. 
• "Identification of functional domains of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein (ARNT).". Mol. Cell. Biol. 14 (9): 6075–86. 1994. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.9.6075. PMID 8065341. 
• "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides.". Gene 138 (1–2): 171–4. 1994. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298. 
• "The Ah receptor nuclear translocator gene (ARNT) is located on q21 of human chromosome 1 and on mouse chromosome 3 near Cf-3.". Genomics 17 (3): 592–8. 1993. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1377. PMID 8244375. 
• "Ligand-dependent recruitment of the Arnt coregulator determines DNA recognition by the dioxin receptor.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 13 (4): 2504–14. 1993. doi:10.1128/MCB.13.4.2504. PMID 8384309. 
• "Dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation properties of hypoxia-inducible factor 1.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (30): 17771–8. 1996. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.17771. PMID 8663540. 
• "Trans-activation by the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator proteins: direct interactions with basal transcription factors.". Mol. Pharmacol. 50 (3): 538–48. 1996. PMID 8794892. 
• "Two new members of the murine Sim gene family are transcriptional repressors and show different expression patterns during mouse embryogenesis.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 16 (10): 5865–75. 1996. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.10.5865. PMID 8927054. 
• "Mapping the protein/DNA contact sites of the Ah receptor and Ah receptor nuclear translocator.". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (49): 31657–65. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31657. PMID 8940186. 
• "Two murine homologs of the Drosophila single-minded protein that interact with the mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (7): 4451–7. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4451. PMID 9020169. 
• "Characterization of a subset of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS superfamily that interacts with components of the dioxin signaling pathway.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (13): 8581–93. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8581. PMID 9079689. 
• "Ligand-dependent interaction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with a novel immunophilin homolog in vivo.". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (17): 11452–6. 1997. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11452. PMID 9111057. 
• "A novel bHLH-PAS factor with close sequence similarity to hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha regulates the VEGF expression and is potentially involved in lung and vascular development.". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (9): 4273–8. 1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4273. PMID 9113979. 
• "The murine Sim-2 gene product inhibits transcription by active repression and functional interference.". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (9): 4933–47. 1997. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.9.4933. PMID 9271372. 

External links

• Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+Nuclear+Translocator at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.