Biology:Thyroid hormone receptor alpha
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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
 Generic protein structure example |
Thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TR-alpha) also known as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group A, member 1 (NR1A1), is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the THRA gene.[1][2][3]
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear hormone receptor for triiodothyronine. It is one of the several receptors for thyroid hormone, and has been shown to mediate the biological activities of thyroid hormone. Knockout studies in mice suggest that the different receptors, while having certain extent of redundancy, may mediate different functions of thyroid hormone. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding distinct isoforms have been reported.[1]
Role in pathology
Mutations of the THRA gene may cause nongoitrous congenital hypothyroidism-6, a subtype of congenital hypothyroidism.
Interactions
THR1 has been shown to interact with:
- COPS2,[4]
- EP300,[5]
- ITGB3BP,[6][7]
- MED1,[8]
- MED6,[9]
- MED12,[9]
- MED16,[9]
- MEF2A,[5]
- NCOA6,[10][11]
- TRIP11,[12] and
- UBC.[13]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Entrez Gene: THRA thyroid hormone receptor, alpha (erythroblastic leukemia viral (v-erb-a) oncogene homolog, avian)". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7067.
- ↑ "Chromosomal localisation of the human homologues to the oncogenes erbA and B". The EMBO Journal 3 (1): 159–63. Jan 1984. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01777.x. PMID 6323162.
- ↑ "A human c-erbA oncogene homologue is closely proximal to the chromosome 17 breakpoint in acute promyelocytic leukemia". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 81 (14): 4495–9. Jul 1984. doi:10.1073/pnas.81.14.4495. PMID 6589608. Bibcode: 1984PNAS...81.4495D.
- ↑ "Alien, a highly conserved protein with characteristics of a corepressor for members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19 (5): 3383–94. May 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.5.3383. PMID 10207062.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 "p300/cAMP-response-element-binding-protein ('CREB')-binding protein (CBP) modulates co-operation between myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A) and thyroid hormone receptor-retinoid X receptor". The Biochemical Journal 369 (Pt 3): 477–84. Feb 2003. doi:10.1042/BJ20020057. PMID 12371907.
- ↑ "Domain structure of the NRIF3 family of coregulators suggests potential dual roles in transcriptional regulation". Molecular and Cellular Biology 21 (24): 8371–84. Dec 2001. doi:10.1128/MCB.21.24.8371-8384.2001. PMID 11713274.
- ↑ "NRIF3 is a novel coactivator mediating functional specificity of nuclear hormone receptors". Molecular and Cellular Biology 19 (10): 7191–202. Oct 1999. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.7191. PMID 10490654.
- ↑ "The TRAP220 component of a thyroid hormone receptor- associated protein (TRAP) coactivator complex interacts directly with nuclear receptors in a ligand-dependent fashion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95 (14): 7939–44. Jul 1998. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.14.7939. PMID 9653119. Bibcode: 1998PNAS...95.7939Y.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Identity between TRAP and SMCC complexes indicates novel pathways for the function of nuclear receptors and diverse mammalian activators". Molecular Cell 3 (3): 361–70. Mar 1999. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(00)80463-3. PMID 10198638.
- ↑ "A nuclear factor, ASC-2, as a cancer-amplified transcriptional coactivator essential for ligand-dependent transactivation by nuclear receptors in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 274 (48): 34283–93. Nov 1999. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.48.34283. PMID 10567404.
- ↑ "Activating protein-1, nuclear factor-kappaB, and serum response factor as novel target molecules of the cancer-amplified transcription coactivator ASC-2". Molecular Endocrinology 14 (6): 915–25. Jun 2000. doi:10.1210/mend.14.6.0471. PMID 10847592.
- ↑ "A thyroid hormone receptor coactivator negatively regulated by the retinoblastoma protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94 (17): 9040–5. Aug 1997. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.17.9040. PMID 9256431. Bibcode: 1997PNAS...94.9040C.
- ↑ "Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells". Proteomics 8 (14): 2885–96. Jul 2008. doi:10.1002/pmic.200700887. PMID 18655026.
Further reading
- "Neurodevelopmental control by thyroid hormone receptors". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 12 (1): 49–56. Feb 2002. doi:10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00289-1. PMID 11861164.
- "Dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha gene (THRA1) on chromosome 17". Human Molecular Genetics 1 (7): 553. Oct 1992. doi:10.1093/hmg/1.7.553-a. PMID 1307263.
- "Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein". Molecular Endocrinology 6 (9): 1468–78. Sep 1992. doi:10.1210/mend.6.9.1331778. PMID 1331778.
- "Distribution of the nuclear thyroid-hormone receptor in extraocular and skeletal muscles". The Journal of Endocrinology 133 (1): 67–74. Apr 1992. doi:10.1677/joe.0.1330067. PMID 1517709.
- "Isoform-specific thyroid hormone receptor antibodies detect multiple thyroid hormone receptors in rat and human pituitaries". Endocrinology 130 (3): 1539–46. Mar 1992. doi:10.1210/endo.130.3.1537303. PMID 1537303.
- "Genomic organization of the human thyroid hormone receptor alpha (c-erbA-1) gene". Nucleic Acids Research 19 (5): 1105–12. Mar 1991. doi:10.1093/nar/19.5.1105. PMID 1850510.
- "Characterization of a third human thyroid hormone receptor coexpressed with other thyroid hormone receptors in several tissues". Molecular Endocrinology 2 (11): 1087–92. Nov 1988. doi:10.1210/mend-2-11-1087. PMID 2464749.
- "Two erbA homologs encoding proteins with different T3 binding capacities are transcribed from opposite DNA strands of the same genetic locus". Cell 57 (1): 31–9. Apr 1989. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90169-4. PMID 2539258.
- "Expression of three forms of thyroid hormone receptor in human tissues". Molecular Endocrinology 3 (2): 392–9. Feb 1989. doi:10.1210/mend-3-2-392. PMID 2710139.
- "The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone". Nature 324 (6098): 635–40. 1987. doi:10.1038/324635a0. PMID 2879242.
- "Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 85 (8): 2781–5. Apr 1988. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2781. PMID 3357890. Bibcode: 1988PNAS...85.2781N.
- "High resolution chromosome analysis of constitutional and acquired t(15;17) maps c-erbA to subband 17q11.2". Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 22 (2): 95–8. Jun 1986. doi:10.1016/0165-4608(86)90168-8. PMID 3458521.
- "A novel thyroid hormone receptor encoded by a cDNA clone from a human testis library". Science 238 (4828): 788–91. Nov 1987. doi:10.1126/science.3672126. PMID 3672126. Bibcode: 1987Sci...238..788B.
- "Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor". Nucleic Acids Research 15 (22): 9613. Nov 1987. doi:10.1093/nar/15.22.9613. PMID 3684612.
- "A transcriptional co-repressor that interacts with nuclear hormone receptors". Nature 377 (6548): 454–7. Oct 1995. doi:10.1038/377454a0. PMID 7566127. Bibcode: 1995Natur.377..454C.
- "Interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat and the HIV-1 Tat transactivator". Journal of Virology 69 (8): 5103–12. Aug 1995. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.8.5103-5112.1995. PMID 7609079.
- "Two classes of proteins dependent on either the presence or absence of thyroid hormone for interaction with the thyroid hormone receptor". Molecular Endocrinology 9 (2): 243–54. Feb 1995. doi:10.1210/mend.9.2.7776974. PMID 7776974.
- "Regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat: interactions of thyroid hormone receptor with retinoid-X receptor, nuclear factor kappa B, Sp1, and Tat". Transactions of the Association of American Physicians 106: 13–32. 1994. PMID 8036737.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.
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