Biology:CDX1

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Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens


A representation of the 3D structure of the protein myoglobin showing turquoise α-helices.
Generic protein structure example

Homeobox protein CDX-1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the CDX1 gene.[1][2] CDX1 is expressed in the developing endoderm and its expression persists in the intestine throughout adulthood.[3] CDX1 protein expression varies along the intestine, with high expression in intestinal crypts and diminishing expression along intestinal villi.[4]

Function

This gene is a member of the caudal-related homeobox transcription factor family. The encoded DNA-binding protein regulates intestine-specific gene expression and enterocyte differentiation. It has been shown to induce expression of the intestinal alkaline phosphatase gene, and inhibit beta-catenin/T-cell factor transcriptional activity.[2]

CDX1 has also been shown to play an important role in embryonic epicardial development. It has been demonstrated that CDX proteins suppress cardiac differentiation in both zebrafish and mouse embryonic stem cells, but the overall mechanism for how this happens is poorly understood.[5] However, CDX1 has been shown to be transiently expressed in the embryonic heart 11.5 days post coitum (dpc). This transient expression is thought to induce epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and thus proper cardiovascular formation. It has been shown that low-dose CDX1 induction caused enhanced migration and differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into vascular smooth muscle, where as continued high dose induction of CDX1 or CDX1 deficiency diminished the ability of these cells to migrate and differentiate into smooth muscle by the actions of TGF-β1. Furthermore, CDX1 induction also altered transcript expression of genes related to cell adhesions for EMT and angiogenesis.[6] Therefore, along with its known roles in intestinal patterning and differentiation, CDX1 is also shown to be important in epicardial development.

References

  1. ↑ "Isolation, characterization, and precise physical localization of human CDX1, a caudal-type homeobox gene". Genomics 28 (2): 206–11. July 1995. doi:10.1006/geno.1995.1132. PMID 8530027. 
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Entrez Gene: CDX1 caudal type homeobox transcription factor 1". https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1044. 
  3. ↑ "Cdx1 and Cdx2 exhibit transcriptional specificity in the intestine". PLOS ONE 8 (1): e54757. 2013. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054757. PMID 23382958. Bibcode: 2013PLoSO...854757G. 
  4. ↑ "Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5". Nature 449 (7165): 1003–7. October 2007. doi:10.1038/nature06196. PMID 17934449. Bibcode: 2007Natur.449.1003B. 
  5. ↑ "Interactions between Cdx genes and retinoic acid modulate early cardiogenesis". Developmental Biology 354 (1): 134–42. June 2011. doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.03.027. PMID 21466798. 
  6. ↑ "A novel role of CDX1 in embryonic epicardial development". PLOS ONE 9 (7): e103271. 2014. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103271. PMID 25068460. Bibcode: 2014PLoSO...9j3271C. 

Further reading

External links

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.




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