Biology:PROX1

Short description: Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Generic protein structure example

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene. The Prox1 gene is critical for the development of multiple tissues. Prox1 activity is necessary and sufficient to specify a lymphatic endothelial cell fate in endothelial progenitors located in the embryonic veins.

Interactions

PROX1 has been shown to interact with EP300.

Production

PROX1 is produced primarily in the dentate gyrus in the mouse, and in the dentate gyrus and white matter in humans. Gene expression data for mouse, human and macaque from the Allen Brain Atlases can be found here.

Clinical significance

PROX1 is used as a marker for lymphatic endothelium in biopsy samples.

Homologous gene

PROX2

Further reading

• "Prox1 function is crucial for mouse lens-fibre elongation.". Nat. Genet. 21 (3): 318–22. 1999. doi:10.1038/6844. PMID 10080188. 
• Mouta Carreira C; Nasser SM; di Tomaso E et al. (2001). "LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis". Cancer Res. 61 (22): 8079–84. PMID 11719431. 
• Rodriguez-Niedenführ M; Papoutsi M; Christ B et al. (2002). "Prox1 is a marker of ectodermal placodes, endodermal compartments, lymphatic endothelium and lymphangioblasts". Anat. Embryol. 204 (5): 399–406. doi:10.1007/s00429-001-0214-9. PMID 11789987. 
• "Prox1 is differentially localized during lens development". Mech. Dev. 112 (1–2): 195–8. 2002. doi:10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00645-1. PMID 11850194. 
• Chen Q; Dowhan DH; Liang D et al. (2002). "CREB-binding protein/p300 co-activation of crystallin gene expression". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (27): 24081–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M201821200. PMID 11943779. 
• Wilting J; Papoutsi M; Christ B et al. (2002). "The transcription factor Prox1 is a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells in normal and diseased human tissues". FASEB J. 16 (10): 1271–3. doi:10.1096/fj.01-1010fje. PMID 12060670. 
• Petrova TV; Mäkinen T; Mäkelä TP et al. (2002). "Lymphatic endothelial reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells by the Prox-1 homeobox transcription factor". EMBO J. 21 (17): 4593–9. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf470. PMID 12198161. 
• Hong YK; Harvey N; Noh YH et al. (2003). "Prox1 is a master control gene in the program specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate". Dev. Dyn. 225 (3): 351–7. doi:10.1002/dvdy.10163. PMID 12412020. 
• Strausberg RL; Feingold EA; Grouse LH et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMID 12477932. Bibcode: 2002PNAS...9916899M. 
• "Prox1 function controls progenitor cell proliferation and horizontal cell genesis in the mammalian retina". Nat. Genet. 34 (1): 53–8. 2003. doi:10.1038/ng1144. PMID 12692551. 
• Nagai H; Li Y; Hatano S et al. (2003). "Mutations and aberrant DNA methylation of the PROX1 gene in hematologic malignancies". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 38 (1): 13–21. doi:10.1002/gcc.10248. PMID 12874782. 
• Steffensen KR; Holter E; Båvner A et al. (2005). "Functional conservation of interactions between a homeodomain cofactor and a mammalian FTZ-F1 homologue". EMBO Rep. 5 (6): 613–9. doi:10.1038/sj.embor.7400147. PMID 15143342. 
• Qin J; Gao DM; Jiang QF et al. (2005). "Prospero-related homeobox (Prox1) is a corepressor of human liver receptor homolog-1 and suppresses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene". Mol. Endocrinol. 18 (10): 2424–39. doi:10.1210/me.2004-0009. PMID 15205472. 
• Dudas J; Papoutsi M; Hecht M et al. (2005). "The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is highly conserved in embryonic hepatoblasts and in adult and transformed hepatocytes, but is absent from bile duct epithelium". Anat. Embryol. 208 (5): 359–66. doi:10.1007/s00429-004-0403-4. PMID 15232737. 
• Reis RM; Reis-Filho JS; Longatto Filho A et al. (2006). "Differential Prox-1 and CD 31 expression in mucousae, cutaneous and soft tissue vascular lesions and tumors". Pathol. Res. Pract. 201 (12): 771–6. doi:10.1016/j.prp.2005.08.010. PMID 16308102. 
• "A prospero-related homeodomain protein is a novel co-regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α that regulates the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (15): 10081–8. 2006. doi:10.1074/jbc.M513420200. PMID 16488887. 
• Schneider M; Büchler P; Giese N et al. (2006). "Role of lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiogenic factors during pancreatic cancer progression and lymphatic spread". Int. J. Oncol. 28 (4): 883–90. doi:10.3892/ijo.28.4.883. PMID 16525637. 
• Shimoda M; Takahashi M; Yoshimoto T et al. (2006). "A homeobox protein, prox1, is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma". Clin. Cancer Res. 12 (20 Pt 1): 6005–11. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0712. PMID 17062673. 
• Laerm A; Helmbold P; Goldberg M et al. (2007). "Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) is frequently inactivated by genomic deletions and epigenetic silencing in carcinomas of the bilary system". J. Hepatol. 46 (1): 89–97. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.033. PMID 17069925. 

External links

• PROX1+protein,+human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q92786 (Prospero homeobox protein 1) at the PDBe-KB.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.